Term
| What is the circulation pathway of air from atmosphere back to atmosphere? |
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Definition
| atmosphere--aveoli--pulmonary circulation--systemic circulation--cell--cardiac waste--systemic circulation--pulmonary circulation--atmosphere |
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Term
| Why does the body need glucose? |
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Definition
| to produce ATP via glycolysis and to shuttle O2 and waste products |
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Term
| What happens to the carrying capacity for O2 in the RBCs if you increase acidity? |
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Definition
| lowers carrying capacity and alters enzymatic reactions |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of oxygen? |
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Definition
| low soluability in fluids, high energy tissues need a lot of oxygen |
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Term
| what are respiratory pigments? |
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Definition
| they are responsible for binding oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. They carry a lot of the molecules via the bloodstream. |
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Term
| Give an example of a respiratory pigment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why hemoglobin is a priniciple molecule for transport of gasses? |
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Definition
| abundant; not heavy; high carrying capacity |
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Term
| Describe the structure of hemeglobin. |
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Definition
| 4 hemes in which each heme can carry 1 molecule of oxygen; becomes saturated when there are 4 molecules attached to it. Contains 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha and 2 beta). |
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Term
| What part of the hemeglobin carries CO2? |
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Definition
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Term
| what change is responsible for sickle cell anemia? |
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Definition
| exchange of a glutamine for a valene leading to a single point mutations that causes a decrease in the carrying capacity for oxygen |
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Term
| What is the pathway of air in the lungs? |
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Definition
| nasal passages--pharynx--trachea--larynx--R & L brochi--bronchioles--respiratory bronchioles--aveoli |
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Term
| Where is the only location(s) for gas exchange? |
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Definition
| aveoli. Respiratory brochioles if they have aveoli attached |
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Term
| Which molecule does hemeglobin prefer to bind? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the association/dissociation kinetics curve. |
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Definition
association= increase partial pressure causes hemeglobin to associate easily with oxygen
disociation= decrease in partial pressure leads to a dumping of oxygen where needed |
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Term
| what causes the Bohr Curve to shift right? |
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Definition
| acidity; increase PC02, temperature increase, hypoventilation |
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Term
| what causes the Bohr curve to shift left? |
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Definition
| alkalinity, decrease PCO2, hypothermia, hyperventiliation |
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Term
| What are the principle muscles involved in inhilation? deep inhilation? |
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Definition
external intercostals, parasternal intercostals, diaphragm
deep inhilation recruits: sternocleidomastoid and scalenes |
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Term
| what muscles are involved in forced expiration? |
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Definition
| internal intercostal, externa abdominal oblique, transverse abdominal, rectus abdominus |
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Term
| What are the 3 cell types in Aveoli and what is their function? |
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Definition
type 1: covers surface
type 2: makes surfactant, develops tension
macrophages: engulf foreign particles |
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Term
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Definition
| distance oxygen molecule must travel from RBC to mitochandria |
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Term
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Definition
| not enough O2 in air leading to decreased O2 in lungs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate carrying capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| drug blocking mitochandrial respiration |
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Term
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Definition
difficult unpleasant breathing
apnea: cessation of breathing
eurapnea: normal resting level of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| helps diagnose respiratory diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| 2mL per kg of body weight (V sub D) |
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Term
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Definition
| TV= aveolar ventilation + dead space |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventilation X the difference of TV and dead space |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inspiration reserve capacity; peak of normal breathing to peak of inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| inspiratory capacity; peak if inspiration to trough of normal breathing |
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