Term
| In mammals the articulation of the lower jaw with the cranium occurs between_____________. |
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Definition
| The dentary and squamosal bones |
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Term
| The two main types of vertebrate bone are __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The notochord is present in the development of all_______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The defining characteristic of vertebrates is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is the first skeletal feature to appear in chordate embryos. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ refers to a trait inherited from a common ancestor |
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Definition
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Term
| the appearance of similar characteristics in widely separated evolutionary lineages is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A common trait shared between protochordates and chordates is _______ (4) |
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Definition
1. They are deuterostomes
2. They have a notochord
3. They have a segmented post anal tain
4. they have pharyngeal gill slits |
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Term
| convergence, paralleleism and reversal are examples of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The bones of the middle ear of tetrapods were derived from ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The main type of ventilation used by lampreys is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In fish the gas achange occurs across the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The key factors that dictate the differences in the body size and shape between different organisms are_______ (4) |
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Definition
1. concentration
2. Location
3. Timing
4. target gene specificity of hox genes |
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Term
| ________ have accesorry hearts in the liver and tail regions |
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Definition
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Term
| Endochondral bone first appeared in ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Eurhaline refers to a vertebrate that can __________. |
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Definition
| live in wide ranges of salinities |
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Term
| The forebrain consists of the __________. |
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Definition
| diencephalon and telencephalon |
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Term
| the vertebrate brain is an outgrowth of the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| the _________ can be defined as a fourth germ layer in vertebrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| The solubility of gases in ___________ related to temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| Which feature of osmoregulation is found only in freshwater bony fish? |
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Definition
| active transport of salt in through the gills |
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Term
| Teeth that are fused to the jawbone are called _________ and are commonly found in _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The jaw type commonly found in mammals is_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of the horizontal septum is derived feature of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The endostyle is analogous with the thyroud gland of vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| myomers are the characteristic exclusive to vertebrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| all tetrapods are chordates |
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Definition
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Term
| all chordates are vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Gnathostomes refers to only extant species of vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Hox genes serve to lay out the basic body plan of animals |
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Definition
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Term
| all hagfish are anadromous (move from salt to fresh water in life cycle) |
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Definition
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Term
| lampreys are considered stenohaline (cant handle wide variation in salt content) organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Amphioxus are isosmolal with seawater |
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Definition
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Term
| Certain vertebrates have accessory hearts |
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Definition
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Term
| the swim bladder of fish is homologous with the lung of tetrapods |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloride cells actively transport ions out thru the gills in marine fish. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hox Genes are only found in chordates |
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Definition
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Term
| Osteichthyess includes all jawed vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| pronephric kidneysa are found only in adult vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three major germ layers and give an example of a major tissue that develops from each layer. |
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Definition
The epithelial lining of the anus and rectum develop from the ectoderm
The notochord develops from the mesoderm.
The liver lining develops from the endoderm |
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Term
| Give two examples of anologous features. |
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Definition
The wings of birds and bats.
The tail of whales and sharks |
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Term
| Paired fins are a common feature in ____________ but they first appeared in __________. |
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Definition
| Gnathostomes, Ostracoderms |
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Term
| List the agnathans in order of first appearance in evolutionary history. |
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Definition
1. hagfish
2. lampreys
3. Conodont
4. Ostracoderms |
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Term
| Which craniate and agnathan has the simplest digestive system and why? |
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Definition
| the lamprey has the simplest digestive system because it feeds mainly off the body fluid of other animals. |
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Term
| Name the different types of swim bladders and what is the major difference between them. |
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Definition
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Term
| The appearance of similar characteristics in widely separated evolutionary lineages is __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The common trait shared between echinodermata and chordates is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of homoplasy are _____. (3) |
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Definition
1.convergent evolution
2. parallel evolution
3. reversal |
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Term
| Hagfishes are commonly grouped with vertebrates, but they truly should be grouped in ________ because they lack _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| the bones of the middle ear of tetrapods were derived from _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The jaw bones of early gnathostomes were derived from ________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In mammals the articulation of the lower jaw with the cranium occurs between _______. |
|
Definition
| dentary and squamosal bones |
|
|
Term
| The two main types of vertebrate bone are ___________. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| A notochord is present in the development of all ______ (4) |
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Definition
1. Chordates
2. Cephalochordates
3. vertebrates
4. craniates |
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Term
| the defining characteristic of vertebrates is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| a shared derived characteristic of mammals is __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A shared ancestral characteristic of mammals is _________. (4) |
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Definition
1. vertebrae
2. paired appendages
3. jaws
4. a spleen |
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Term
| the appendicular akeleton is a common feature found in _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscles of the appendicular skeleton are formed from the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ is the first skeletal feature to appear in chordate embryos. |
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Definition
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Term
| the main type of ventilation used by lamprey is _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the key factors that dictate the differences in body size and shape between different organisms are. (4) |
|
Definition
1. concentration
2. location
3. timing
4. target gene specificity of hox genes |
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Term
| _________ have accessory hearts in the liver and tail regions. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Endochondral bone first appeared in __________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The forebrain consists of the ______ |
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Definition
| diencephalon and the telencephalon |
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|
Term
| the vertebrate brain is an outgrowth of the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ can be defined as a fourth germ layer in vertebrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth that are fused to the jawbone are called ________ and are commonly found in _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is the primary component in the skeleton of bony fish |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ has a more developed kidney based on its anadromous lifestyle |
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Definition
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Term
| two common characteristics lampreys share with gnathostomes are __________. |
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Definition
| well developed eyes and parasympathetic innervation of the heart. |
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Term
| Two common characteristics that differentiate lampreys from hagfishes are _________. |
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Definition
| well developed eyes and parasympathetic innervation of the heart |
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Term
| ________ is an example of convergent evolution because it evolved in both invertebrates and vertebrates. (2) |
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Definition
| nervous system and muscles |
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Term
| The endostyle is analogous with the thyroid gland of vertebrates. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| neurons are a characteristic exclusive to vertebrates |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| all tetrapods are chordates |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| all chordates are vertebrates |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| all vertebrates have a closed circulatory system. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Gnathostomes refers to only extant species of vertebrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hox genes serve to lay out the basic body plan of animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all hagfishes are anadromous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| certain vertebrates have accessory hearts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| myomeres are an exclusively vertebrate trait |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| hox genes are only found in chordates |
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Definition
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Term
| osteichthyes includes all jawed vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| myelin sheaths surrounding the axon is a unique feature of gnathostomes |
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Definition
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Term
| mammals were first to develop a tri-partite brain |
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Definition
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Term
| name three major germ layers and give an example of major tissue that develops from each layer. |
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Definition
ectoderm - forms the epidermis
endoderm forms the lining of the gut
mesoderm forms the muscular tissue |
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Term
| name two cell types that are unique to the animal kingdom |
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Definition
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Term
| list the agnathans in order of first appearance in evolutionary history. (5) |
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Definition
1. amphioxus
2. Hagfish
3. Lampreys
4. Conodonts
5. Ostracoderms |
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Term
| which craniate and agnathan has the simples digestive system and why? |
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Definition
| the lamprey has the simplest digestive system because they feed on body fluids and nothing of different composition. |
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Term
| Briefly describe the important role the hypodermis plays in birds and mammals |
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Definition
| hypodermis is where subcutaneous fat is stored in birds and mammals and is what enables mammals to make facial expression. |
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Term
| name the three tissues amphibians can use for respiration. |
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Definition
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