Term
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Definition
| Ductless glands use hormones to coordinate body functions, chemically. |
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Definition
| Most are amino acids annd some are steroids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuroendocrine Center controling activites of major endocrine glands. |
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Term
| Neuroendocrine Center produces neurohormones (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypothalamus produces neuro-secretions (2) |
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Definition
| RHs (releasing hormones) and IHs (inhibiting hormones) |
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Term
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Definition
| Released by anterior pituitary to simulate particular endocrine gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanoreceptor organs that detect changes in water pressure |
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Definition
| Used primarily for balance in fish |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forms cochlea in birds and mammals enclosing sound receptors |
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Term
| Ear ossicle of amphibians, reptiles, birds. |
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Definition
| One ear ossicle called the columella that transmits sound vibrations. Middle ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 ear ossicles - malleus(hammer), incus(anvil), and stapes(strirrup). Middle ear. |
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Term
| Origin of stapes, malleus, and incus. |
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Definition
stapes - second embryonic hyoid arch
malleus, incus - first embryonic hyoid arch |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of middle ear - Eustachian tube for air-pressure adjustment |
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Term
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Definition
| Auditor meatus that ends at tympanum. Most mammals have movable pinna to trap vibrations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Retina sends impulses to brain where image is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends light availability to brain, not images. Respossible for biological rhythms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper and lower eyelids are fused and transparent over cornea. |
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Term
| Posterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
| Neurohemal organ - cotains nerve fiber, neuroglia, and blood vessels. Acts as storage unit for hypothalamus, arginine vasotocin, and oxytocin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Present in fetal mammals. Turns into antidiuretic hormone (ADH). |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates uterine contractions, milk production, and maternal behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endocrine cells that produce hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bud of ectodermal cells in embryo that becomes hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. |
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Term
| Melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) |
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Definition
| Causes skin color changes and appetite control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body growth hormone from anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
Mammals - milk secretion
Fishes - biological rhythms, lipid storage, osmotic balance
Birds - nest building, egg incubation, nestling |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Released mostly at night. Regulates reproductive cycle. |
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Term
| Adrenal medulla in amniotes |
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Definition
Inner part of adrenal gland produces hormones. Outer adrenal cortex produces steroids.
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Term
| Adrenal medulla catecholamines (2) |
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Definition
Epinephrine - heart stimulation
Norepinephrine - vascoconstriction
both increase blood pressure and metabolism. makes up "fight or flight". |
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Term
| Adrenal cortex steroids produced (3) |
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Definition
Mineralocorticoid - Aldosterone - regulates minerals in body fluid
Glucocorticoid - Coritsol - regulates glucose in blood
Gonadocorticoid
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Term
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Definition
| Gland from mesoderm regulated by ACTH from ant. pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
Glands from mesoderm:
interstitial cells in testis - testosterone
ovarian folliciles in ovaries - estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroid hormones, T3 and T4.
Calcitonin - regulates blood calcium |
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Term
| Glands derived from endoderm (4) |
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Definition
| Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Pancreas |
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Term
| Glands derived from mesoderm (2) |
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Definition
| Adrenal cortex, Gonadal glands |
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Term
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Definition
| releases PTH (parathyroid hormone) when blood calcium drops |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphoid organ producing thymosin - regulates maturation of T-lymphocytes (immune response) |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce Glucagon and Insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms by tiny bone spicules surrounding spongy bone tissue. RBC's produced here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skull, vertebral column, rib cage |
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Term
| Appendicular Skeleton (2) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Do not form a joint with other bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone in septum of deer heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone in penis of mouse, squirrel, dog |
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Term
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Definition
| Knee cap in birds and mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| Centrum of vertebra is concave at both ends. Found in birds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Convex at one end of centrum of vertebra. Found in anurans and reptiles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Centrum of vertebra is flat at both ends. Found in mammals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cartilage discs in between vertebrae of mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical - neck, thoracic - supports ribs, lumbar- support abdominal muscles, sacral - support pelvic girdle and hind limbs, caudal - locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
| One cervical vertebra for two occipital condyles |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 cervicle vertebrae. Atlas and axis form movable joint with two occipital condyles. |
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Term
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Definition
| First 2 cervicals are modified for single occipital condyle. Saddle shape in birds allows better neck flexibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| upper arm bones, thigh bone |
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