Term
|
Definition
| drain blood from the dorsum of the foot and anterior comartment of the calf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood flow velocity increases with distal limb compression or with the release of proximal limb compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins where the basilic vein joins the brachial vein in the upper arm and terminates beneath the clavicle at the outer border of the first rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates on the small finger side of the dorsum of the hand and enters the brachial veins in the upper arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins on the thumb side of the dorsum of the hand and joins the axillary vein just below the clavicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by the confluence of the profunda femoris and the superficial femoral vein; also recieves the greater saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by the confluence of the internal and external iliac veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| travels with the profunda femoris artery to unite with the superficial femoral vein to form the common femoral vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paired veins that lie in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles; terminate into the popliteal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates on the dorsum of fthe foot and ascends anteriior to the medial malleolus and along the anteromedial side of the calf and thigh; joins the common femoral vein in the proximal thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right vein: courses vertically downwards to join the left below the first rib to form the superior vena cava; left vein: longer than right, courses from left chest to the right beneath the sternum to join the right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates on the dorsum of the foot and ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus and runs alog the midline of the posterior calf. vein terminates as it joins the popliteal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connect the superficial and deep venous systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drain blood from lateral compartents of the lower leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates from the confluence of the anterior tibial veins with the posterior and peroneal veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| main tributary of the greater saphenous vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originate from te plantar veins of the foot and drain blood from the posterior compartment of the lower leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blockage of te pulmonary circulation by foreign matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood flow velocity changes with repiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large venous reservoirs that lie in the soleus muscle and emptt into the posterior tibial or peroneal veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flow is present without augmentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuation of the axillary vein joins the internal jugular vein to form the innominate vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates at the hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle in the distal thight and ascends through the adductor (Hunter's) canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| folds of the intima that temporatily close to permit blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilated, elongated, tortuous superficial veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is DVT an acute or chronic process? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many people does DVT affect in the US anually? |
|
|
Term
| the increasing use of central venous lines |
|
Definition
| Why is the incidence of upper ext. DVT on the rise? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potenially lethal comlication of acute DVT? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What have reduced the occurence of PE, relieved symptoms, and prevented extension of the DVT? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- hypercoaguable state
- venous stasis
- vein wall injury
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endothelium of the vein is damaged exposing the subendothelium to blood, triggering platelet adhesion and aggregation, which promotes blood coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interplay of these three factors create the most likely setting for the development of DVT |
|
|
Term
- greater than 40
- malignancy
- hx of dvt or PE
- immobilization
- myocardial infarction, stroke
- pregnancy and postpartum
- oral contracetives and hormone replacement therapy
- extensive dissection with major surgery
- trauma
- obesity
- central venous lines, pacemaker
- intravenous drug abuse
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swollen, painful white leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe forms of lower extremity DVT |
|
|
Term
| phlegmasia cerulea dolens |
|
Definition
| swollen, painful cyanotic leg |
|
|
Term
- DVT
- persistent calf, leg or arm swelling
- pain or tenderness of the leg (usually posterior calf or arm-shoulder)
- venous distention
- increased temperature
- superficial venous dilation
- Homan's sign
|
|
Definition
| signs and symptoms of DVT and PE: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calf discomfort on passive dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| Superficial venous thrombosis |
|
Definition
Local erythemia
tenderness or pain
palpable subcutaneous "cord" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Dyspnea - shortness of breath
- chest pain
- hemoptysis- coughing up blood
- sweats
- cough
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by increased ambulatory venous pressure; increased pressure may result from venous obstruction and/or incompetent venous valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redness, itching, flaking skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congenital, are an ingerent weakness of the venous walls, and occur without coexisting deep venous disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur secondary to pathology (DVT, absence of valves) of the deep venous system |
|
|
Term
superficial
deep
perforating veins |
|
Definition
| venous system consists of: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide a channel between the superficial and deep veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as chronic process, is a complication following DVT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for leg swelling, pain, hyperpigmentation and venous ulceration |
|
|
Term
| musculoskeletal disorders, ruptured baker's cyst, cellulitis, etc. |
|
Definition
| These may mimic the signs of DVT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal venous blood flows from where to where? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important in maintaining unidirectional blood flow from the peripheral veins to the central veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T or F. Venous valves are bicuspid |
|
|
Term
| IVC, SVC, innominate, or soleal sinuses |
|
Definition
| there are no venous valves where? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drain blood from the dorsum of the foot and the anterior compartment of the calf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originate near the tibia at the ankle, lie anterior to the interosseous membrane as they ascend the lower leg, and move toward the fibula |
|
|
Term
| anterior and posterior tibial veins |
|
Definition
| join at variable level and pattern to become the popliteal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originate from the plantar veins of the foot. they run from the medial malleolus along the medial calf with the posterior tibial artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drain blood from the posterior compartment of the lower leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| course along the peroneal artery near the fibula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lie deep to the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and parellel the path of the posterior tibial veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drain blood from the lateral compartment of the lower leg. THey unite as a a single vein before joining the posterior tibials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lie deep within the muscular compartment of the calf, they are a large venous reservoirs that empty into the posterior tibial or peroneal veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paired and terminate into the politeal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what percent of popliteal veins are duplicated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lie superficial to the artery, and medial to the artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the companion to the superficial femoral artery and is also known as femoral vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascends through the Hunters (adductor) canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what percentage of femoral vein are duplicated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains the deep muscles of the proximal thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lies in the scarpa's triangle medial to the artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terminates at the inguinal ligament and becomes the external iliac vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by the confluence of the internal and external iliac veins |
|
|
Term
| the left common iliac vein crossing beneath the right iliac artery causes a mild compression of the vein and reason for slightly more number of left sided deep vein thromboses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| union of left and right common iliac arteries give rise to what? |
|
|
Term
| superficial veins of the leg |
|
Definition
| lie beneath the skin and between the two layers of superficial fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approx. how many valves are in the greater saphenous? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approx. how many valves are in the lesser saphenous? |
|
|
Term
| superficial and deep palmer veinoud arches |
|
Definition
| drain the hand and form the paired radial and ulnar veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| near the antecubital fossa the radial and ulnar veins join to form what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brachial vein and basilic vein join to form what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recieves the cephalic vein near its termination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a continuation of the axillary vein. It extends from the outer border of the first rib to the inner end of the clavicle, where it joins the internal jugular vein to from the innominate vein |
|
|
Term
| the right innominate vein courses almost vertically downward joining the left innominate vein just below the first rib to form the SVC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives the right vertebral, internal mammary, and inferior thyroid veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is longer than right vein |
|
|
Term
| superficial venous system |
|
Definition
| In the upper extremity, which system is the primary route of drainage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lie beneath the skin and between the 2 layers of superficial fascia and outside the deep investing fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins on the thymb side of the dorsum of the hand. It courses along the outer border of the biceps muscle, courses along the deltopectoral groove, penetrates the deep fascia at variable levels, and joins the axillary vein just below the clavicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates on the small finger side of the dorsum of the hand |
|
|
Term
| locating CFV at the level of the inguinal crease |
|
Definition
| how does a venous duplex begin? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kind of doppler signals do veins have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what type of doppler signals do arteries have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another word for collapse |
|
|
Term
| cephalic and basilic veins |
|
Definition
| superficial veins in the upper extremity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which common iliac vein is shorter? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which common iliac is longer? |
|
|
Term
- greater saphenous vein
- lesser saphenous
- posterior arch vein
- perforating veins
|
|
Definition
| the superficial veins of the lower extremity: |
|
|
Term
- superficial and deep palmar arches
- radial veins
- ulnar
- brachial
- axiallary
- subclavian
- jugular
- internal jugular
- innominate
|
|
Definition
| Deep veins of the upper extremity: |
|
|
Term
| cephalic and basilic veins |
|
Definition
| superficial veins of the upper extremity: |
|
|
Term
superficial and deep palmar arches
|
|
Definition
| drain the hand and form the radial and ulmar veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ends at the saphenofemoral junction, when it joins the vommon femoral vein, at the proximal thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs up the arm on the lateral side and joins the ulnar vein to form brachial veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs up the arm on the medial side and joins the radial vein to form the brachial veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| course up the upper arm to join with the basilic vein to form the axillary vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Begins where the basilic joins the brachial veins and ends beneath the clavicle at the outer border of the first rib where it receives the cephalic vein.
After recieving cephalic vein it becomes the subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuation of axillary vein and lies under the clavicle. Extends from outer border of first rib to the medial end of the clavicle to join the internal jugular vein, forming the innominate. |
|
|
Term
| right brachiocephalic/innominate vein |
|
Definition
| vertically runs downward joining the left below the first rib to form superior vena cava. |
|
|
Term
- right vertebral
- internal mammary
- inferior thyroid
|
|
Definition
| what does the right innominat vein recieve? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs from left to right side of chest behind sternum, a slight downward angle and joins right innominate, forming SVC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which innominate vein is longer? |
|
|
Term
- left vertebral
- internal mammary
- inferior thyroid
- left superior intercostal vein
|
|
Definition
| What does the left innominate vein recieves? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the upper extremity the primary route of drainage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Homogeneous appearance
Acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lightly speckled soft/dark echoes (or invisible)
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
partly compressible--spongy
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incomplete adherence to wall- possible presence of "tail"
acute or chronic thrombus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distended vein
acute or chronic thrombus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heterogeneous appearance
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bright echoes
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incompressible- rigid
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fircly attached to wall
acute or thrombus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| possibly partly recanalized; may see anything from rather tiny residual lumen to thin, bright flap in the middle of the lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brightly echodense, irregular-appearing walls
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no evidence of any venous lumen adjacent to the corresponding artery- thrombus may have echo character similar to surrounding tissue
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
presence of large collaterals
acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drain lateral forearm and hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form brachials at antecubital fossa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How long is thrombus considered acute? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory response in vein wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation in acute thrombus resolves after how many days? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st few days the thrombus apears how in echotexture? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the end of the acute period, risk of PE increases or decreases? |
|
|
Term
| flow augmentation diminished or absent |
|
Definition
| proximal to thrombosis, flow is what? |
|
|
Term
| flow is continuous (not phasic) and valsalva is diminished or absent |
|
Definition
| distal to thrombosis, flow is wha? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in acute phase, enlarge rapidly and are visible either adjacent to thromosed vein or distally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 weeks - 6 month old thrombus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anechoic or very poorly echogenis is how old thrombus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels become less distended after thrombus get older why? |
|
|
Term
| free floating acute attaches to vein wal in sub acute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickened walls in vessel from thrombus due to what? |
|
|
Term
| collaterals enlarge in subacute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longer than 6 months old thrombus |
|
|
Term
| fibroblasts- persist indefinetly |
|
Definition
| unlysed thrombus are what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wall thickening with reduced caliber and blood flow; post thrombotic fibrous scars; echogenic possible calcific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palpable cord in subcutaneous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| s/s: swellin, pain, redness, warmth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heaviness, swelling, varicosities, discoloration, edema, dilated veins, leg pain, changes in skin in region of angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation in vein wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme released from the blood and chemically lyses thrombus |
|
|
Term
| DVT or venous incompetenc |
|
Definition
| continuous wave doppler can detect what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with continuous wave doppler with deeper veins you use what transducer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with continuous doppler on superficial veins you use what transducer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with continuous wave doppler point probe where? |
|
|
Term
wont get spontaneous-phasic flow in
tiny vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does photo-plethysmography (PPG) detect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with PPG increased blood flow does what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PPG, venous; current flows one direction detects slow changes in blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PPG, arterial; flows both directions and detects fast changes in blood |
|
|
Term
| obstruction distal to or at site |
|
Definition
| flow not spontaneous at the CFV, FV, and/or POPV |
|
|
Term
| poximal obstruction considered |
|
Definition
| continuous non-phasic flow |
|
|
Term
| obstruction between compression and place listneing at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flow increase during proximal compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infrared light-emitting diode, with second diode used to sense light reflected from subdermal venous flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PPG, with competent veins refilling time is what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PPG, with incompetent veins refilling time is what? |
|
|
Term
- swelling
- heaviness
- discoloration
- ulcers
- varicosities
|
|
Definition
| most common chronic venous disease findings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brownish discoloration- caused by hemosiderin - "gaiter zone" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal failure or overhydration |
|
Definition
| what is fluid overload caused by? |
|
|
Term
- pulsatile doppler in large veins
- soft tissue edema
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obstruction of lymphatic system; enlarged lymph nodes; same s/s as venous congestion |
|
|
Term
| drain excess fluid from tissue |
|
Definition
| what does the lymphatic system do? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign or malignant; may resemble hematomas, abscess, or cysts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial infection; mimic acute thrombosis |
|
|
Term
- swelling
- skin erythema
- pain
- tenderness
|
|
Definition
| s/s of abscess and cellulitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually associated with trauma, pts on anticoagulation therapy, or vigorous exercise; hypoechoic mass, illdefined borders, slightl heterogeneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aging hematomas are surrounded by what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contusion (blow), penetrating injury (sharp object), muscle pull (tissue tearing), hyperechoic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pathological enlargement of lymph nodes
has blood flow |
|
|
Term
| extremity swelling and tenderness in lymph node area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bursae amy dilate and form cysts in popliteal fossa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common - posterior and medial to knee joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid seen and distends the joint capsule lateral, medial, or above the patella |
|
|
Term
| fluid confined adjacent to borders of patella laterally, medially, or superiorly |
|
Definition
| difference between effusion and cyst |
|
|
Term
- venous congestion
- abscess
- hematoma
- adenopathy
- soft tissue tumor
- popliteal cyst
- joint effusion
- lymphedema
|
|
Definition
| 8 nonvascular path. encountered during venous sonography |
|
|
