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| The upper layer of earth in which plants grow |
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| A vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen. |
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| A process of soil nutrient removal through the erosive movement and chemical action of water. |
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| The transition zone is part of the Earth’s mantle, and is located between the lower mantle and the upper mantle |
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| thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions. |
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| The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms. |
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| in dry climates , water carrying dissolved minerals moves up wards through the soil |
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| coniferous (needle-leaved ) forest that stretches from east to west across canada |
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| trees that have cones and often needle like leaves:evergreen |
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| Deciduous means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off, its like trees are sheding |
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| a forest with two or more predominant kinds of trees and with at least 20 percent of the stand consisting |
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| The shortgrass prairie ecosystem of the North American Great Plains is a prairie that includes lands from the eastern foothills |
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| the tallgrass prairie are tall grasses, such as indiangrass |
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