Term
| Arteries & arterioles three layers of arteries: |
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Definition
#1 intima inner layer >> thin smooth layer >> flow
#2 media middle >> smooth elastic tissue >> strength, dilate & constrict
#3 adventitia outer >> smooth muscle >> anchor
influenced by hormonal, chemical, and CNS systems |
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Term
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Definition
| endothelial only layer >> a thin smooth layer >> flow |
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Term
| The tunica intima (or just intima) is |
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Definition
| the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. |
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Term
| The precapillary sphincter is |
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Definition
| a band of smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary. |
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Term
| A circulatory anastomosis is |
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Definition
| a connection (an anastomosis) between two blood vessels, such as between arteries (arterio-arterial anastomosis), between veins (veno-venous anastomosis) or between an artery and a vein (arterio-venous anastomosis). |
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Term
three layers of veins,
similar to arteries but less defined: |
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Definition
#1 intima >> inner layer >> thin smooth layer >> flow
#2 media >> middle smooth elastic tissue >> strength dilate
& constrict
#3 adventitia >> outer smooth muscle >> anchor |
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Term
| veins store what % of blood volume |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
network of thin walled vessels
refereed to as open ended but have openings via
minute flap valves that open into vessel allowing
large molecules through,
also have bicuspid valves in the lymph vessels, >>
nodes |
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Term
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Definition
Reabsorption of fluid rich in high molecular
weight as in proteins,
Major absorption of GI nutrients esp. Fats
Removal of large bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Approx. 120 cc per hour
drains into, can increase to 2000 cc / hour |
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Term
| Formation of lymphatic fluid influenced by:• elevated capillary pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Formation of lymphatic fluid influenced by:• decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Formation of lymphatic fluid influenced by:• increased interstitial pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Formation of lymphatic fluid influenced by:• increased permeability of capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| Interstitial reabsorption: |
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Definition
1/10th of interstitial fluid from the capillaries
9/10th absorbed by venous capillaries |
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Term
| Movement of lymphatic fluid influenced by: |
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Definition
• lymphatic pump
contraction of muscles
movement
arterial pulsation
compression externally
• suction created in lymph vessels by fluid
movement |
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Term
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Definition
| the flow of lymph from peripheral tissue to central lymph ducts, preventing backflow. |
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Term
| Movement of lymphatic fluid limited by: |
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Definition
• interstitial pressure with edema
• edema and stretching of lymph vessel
separating valves |
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Term
Blood flow is a closed system with
vascular permeability compensated for
by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure created by left ventricle on out flow of blood to the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| a band of smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| the end volumetric pressure that stretches the right or left ventricle of the heart to its greatest geometric dimensions under variable physiologic demand. |
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Term
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Definition
it increases blood pressure by increasing vascular tone (tension of muscles) through α-adrenergic receptor one tenth - million of gram can cause
increased B/P 10-20 mmHgactivation. constricts arterioles
• constricts veins
• constricts renal arteries >> retention of fluid & salt |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hypoxia, or hypoxiation, is |
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Definition
| a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalized hypoxia) or a region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. |
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Term
| pulmonary hypertension (PH) |
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Definition
| is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, all of which are exacerbated by exertion. |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| an adjective used primarily in medicine meaning arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. bruising |
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Term
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Definition
| a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." |
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Term
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Definition
| a sign of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A positive sign is present when there is pain in the calf or popliteal region with examiner's abrupt dorsiflexion of the patient's foot at the ankle while the knee is flexed to 90 degrees.[ |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein secreted by several species of streptococci can bind and activate human plasminogen. SK is used as an effective and inexpensive thrombolysis medication in some cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack)[2] and pulmonary embolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| atrioventricular node is a part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates heart rate. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuously measure and adjust the balance |
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Term
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Definition
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index the ratio of the blood pressure in the lower legs to the blood pressure in the arms.1.0 - 0.9 = normal
0.5 - 0.8 = moderate occlusion
less then 0.5 = severe occlusion |
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Term
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Definition
| a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas. This condition can also cause nails to become brittle with longitudinal ridges. the phenomenon is believed to be the result of vasospasms that decrease blood supply to the respective regions. Emotional stress and cold are classic triggers of the phenomenon. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a relative decrease of platelets in blood. A normal human platelet count ranges from 150000 to 450000 |
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Term
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Definition
| sequential compression device |
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Term
| PVD/DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES/-PT |
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Definition
| Prothrombin Time Blood Test |
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Term
| PVD/DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES/PTT |
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Definition
| Partial Thromboplastin Time Blood Test |
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Term
| PVD/DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES/INR |
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Definition
| International Normalized Ratio |
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Term
| PVD/DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES/Angiography |
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Definition
Angiography invasive evaluation of anatomy of vessel
Risks >> allergic reaction, chemical irritation, thrombus formation, embolus, dehydration / renal failure,
hemorrhage / infection, occlusion of vessel. |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular Assessment/Position - |
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Definition
| patient should be lying in the supine position and the bed or examination table should be flat. The patient's hands should remain at her sides with her head resting on a pillow. |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular Assessment/Draping - |
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Definition
| the legs should be exposed, the private groin and thigh covered. Drapes are usually placed between the legs. |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular Assessment/On inspection the physician looks for signs of: |
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Definition
* trauma
* previous surgery (scars)
* muscle wasting/muscle asymmetry
* edema (swelling)
* erythema (redness)
* ulcers - arterial ulcers tend to be on the borders / sides of the foot, neuropathic ulcers on the plantar surface of the foot, venous ulcers tend on be on the medial aspect of the leg superior to the medial malleolus.
* hair - hair is absent in peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
* shiny skin - seen in PVD
* Haemosiderin deposits
* Lipodermatosclerosis |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular examination/Palpation |
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Definition
* Temperature - cool suggest poor circulation, sides should be compared
* Pitting edema - should be tested for in dependent locations - dorsum of foot, if present then on the shins. If the patient has been in bed for a longer period of time one should check the sacrum.
* Capillary refill - should be less than 3 seconds. |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular examination/Arterial pules to check |
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Definition
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial artery pulse
Dorsalis pedis artery |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular examination/Auscultation for: |
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Definition
| for femoral artery bruits |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular examination/ Intermittent claudication >> |
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Definition
| ischemic; cramping pain with execration, relief with rest, represents 50-75% occlusion also evaluated by distance ambulated prior to pain |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular examination/ Buerger's Test (assessment of arterial sufficiency): |
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Definition
| With the patient supine, note the colour of the feet soles. They should be pink. Then elevate both legs to 45 degrees for more than 1 minute. Observe the soles. If there is marked pallor (whiteness), ischemia should be suspected. Next check for rubor of dependency. Sit the patient upright and observe the feet. In normal patients, the feet quickly turn pink. If, more slowly, they turn red like a cooked lobster, suspect ischemia. |
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Term
| Physical assessment of Peripheral Vascular System/Changes in color |
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Definition
Arterial pallor >> whiter or blanched
rubor >> reddish blue color with dependency
Both cyanosis>> bluish tint related to low SpO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Redness, one of the four classic signs of inflammation (together with dolor, calor, and tumor). From the Latin rubor, heat. See also: Dolor; Calor; Tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
Damaged Arteries
• Damaged Veins
• Blocked lymphatics
lead to infection, ulcerous tissue,
gangrene, loss of limb, decreased activity tolerance and
life style changes due to pain |
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Term
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Definition
Lab Tests PT, PTT
INR; ABI Ankle - Brachial Index % of
flow to LE LEG / ARM
Doppler studies ( non invasive )
Angiography (invasive) |
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Term
| Arterial vs Venous PVD/ PAIN |
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Definition
Venous Aching and cramping
Arterial Intermittent claudication >> ischemic
cramping pain with execration, relief with rest,
represents 50-75% occlusion also evaluated by
distance ambulated prior to pain |
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Term
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Definition
development of collateral circulation with
exercise |
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Term
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Definition
pallor >> whiter or blanched
rubor >> reddish blue color with dependency |
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Term
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Definition
| cyanosis>> bluish tint related to low SpO2 |
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