Term
| INDICATIONS FOR LOWER ARTERIAL DUPLEX ULTRASOUND |
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Definition
CHRONIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS
ACUTE OCCLUSION
ANEURYSM
PSEUDOANEURYSM
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA
ASSESSMENT OF BY-PASS GRAFTS |
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Term
| CAPOBILITIES OF ARTERIAL DUPLEX ULTRASOUND |
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Definition
IDENTIFY EXACT LOCATION OF STENOSIS OR OCCLUSION
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN HIGH GRADE STENOSIS AND TOTAL OCCLUSION
CONFIRM SUSPECTED ANEURYSM
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ANEURYSM AND PSEUDOANEURYSM
IDENTIFY AV FISTULAS
EVALUATE BY-PASS GRAFTS |
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Term
| TYPE OF TRANSDUCER AND PATIENT PREPRATION FOR LOWER EX ARTERIAL |
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Definition
TRANSDUCER: 5.0 or 7.0 MHz Linear (3.0 MHz for distal aorta and iliac arteries)
PATIENT PREP: NPO 8-12 hours if aorta and iliacs are to be examined; no prep if lower extremity arteries only |
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Term
| PATIENT POSITION FOR LOWER EX ARTERIAL |
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Definition
| SUPINE WITH HEAD ELEVATED, THE PATIENT’S BED MAY BE PLACED IN A REVERSE TRENDELENBERG POSITION. THIS WILL CAUSE THE BLOOD TO POOL IN THE VEINS OF THE LEG, THUS MAKING VISUALIZATION OF THE ARTERIES EASIER. + |
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Term
| WHICH AXIS VIEW IS MORE DIAGNOSTIC IN EXTREMITY ARTERIAL |
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Definition
| LONG AXIS VIEWS WITH DOPPLER WAVEFORM ANALYSIS MOST DIAGNOSTIC |
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Term
| DESCRIBE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL ARTERIAL WAVEFORM |
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Definition
NORMAL
Triphasic waveform pattern from high resistance bed
NORMAL OR ABNORMAL
Biphasic waveform pattern may be normal or abnormal
ABNORMAL
Monophasic waveform pattern always abnormal |
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Term
| IF SUSPICION OF 50% OR GREATER STENOSIS OBTAIN: |
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Definition
Prestenotic peak systolic velocity
Stenotic peak systolic velocity
Poststenotic waveform signals |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE RATIO THAT INDICATES THE % OF STENOSIS |
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Definition
Prestenotic peak velocity compared to stenotic peak velocity and a ratio is calculated
Velocity increase of 100% over prestenotic velocity (2:1 ratio) = 50% diameter reduction
Velocity ratio of 4:1 = 75% or greater diameter reduction |
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Term
| TREATMENTS FOR SEVERE STENOSIS |
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Definition
By-Pass surgery
Percutaneous Intervention
Angioplasty
Atherectomy
Local thrombolysis
Stent placement |
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Term
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Definition
| THE BREAKDOWN OF BLOOD CLOTS BY PHARMACOLOGICAL MEANS |
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Term
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Definition
| Purpose: search for abnormalities, impending occlusion, aneurysms, and to assess flow |
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Term
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Definition
Aortobifemoral
Femorofemoral (fem fem)
Axillofemoral
Femoropopliteal (fem pop)
Femorotibial or popliteal-tibial |
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Term
| IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR GRAFTS |
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Definition
Proximal Native Inflow artery
Proximal anastomosis
Mid Graft
Distal Anastomosis
Distal Native Outflow Artery |
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Term
| THE MINIMUM RANGE OF VELOCITIES IN A GRAFT SHOULD BE: |
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Definition
| THE PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITIES FOUND WITHIN THE GRAFT SHOULD BE GREATER THAN 40 CM/SEC. VELOCITIES OF LESS THAN 40 CM/SEC MAY INDICATE IMPENDING GRAFT FAILURE |
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Term
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Definition
| USED TO HOLD THE VESSEL OPEN |
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE METHOD OF STENT PLACEMENT |
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Definition
Dilation of vessel with angioplasty balloon
Stent inserted within a catheter sleeve
Sleeve is removed
Stent expanded with balloon catheter |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO MOST COMMON STENTS |
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Definition
Palmaz Stent (used with balloon angioplasty catheter)
Wallstent ( automatically expands) |
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Term
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Definition
| - dilation of all three layers of the arterial wall |
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Term
| POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM |
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Definition
Most common of peripheral artery aneurysms
US can make diagnosis
Defined as diameter measurement of 2 cm or greater
Surgical intervention
Risk of embolus due to thrombus formation |
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Term
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Definition
| DISTAL EMBOLIZATION RELATED TO A POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM. THIS CONDITION IS CALLED BLUE TOE SYNDROME. + |
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Term
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Definition
EXTRUSION OF SYNOVIAL FLUID POSTERIOR TO KNEE JOINT
Communicates with knee joint
May extend into calf, rarely thigh |
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Term
| THE CAUSE OF BAKER'S CYST |
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Definition
| Associated with rheumatoid arthritis or trauma |
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Term
| DIFFFRENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BAKER'S CYST |
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Definition
| popliteal artery aneurysm |
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Term
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Definition
| arterial insufficiency caused by atherosclerosis |
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Term
| ARTERIAL ULCER CHARACTERISTICS |
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Definition
Pale when legs elevated; red when legs are dependent
Deep
Even well circumscribed borders
Little bleeding or exudate
Skin cold to touch
Found on toes, outer ankle, & bony prominences |
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Term
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Definition
- blood flows in and out of area through a communication channel with an artery
IT IS A PULSATILE HEMATOMA |
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Term
| interventional procedure for pseudo aneurysm |
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Definition
COMPRESSION OF THE PSEUDOANEURYSM WITH ULTRASOUND PROB
INVOLVE COMPRESSION OF THE COMMUNICATION CHANNEL UNTIL CLOTTING WITHIN IN THE CHANNEL TAKES PLACE. THIS MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED WITH TRANSDUCER PRESSURE, OR WITH A SPECIAL COMPRESSION DEVICE THAT MAINTAINS PRESSURE AT A SELECTED POSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| FEMORAL ARTERY BEING USED FOR CARDIAC CATHERIZATION AND CABG (CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT) WHICH ,AY CAUSE PSEUDO ANEURYSM AND/OR HEMATOMA |
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Term
| THE MOST DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETER IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF A PSEUDOANEURYSM |
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Definition
| THE COMMUNICATION CHANNEL BETWEEN THE PSEUDOANEURYSM AND THE ARTERY |
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Term
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Definition
| THE COLOR IN THE “PULSATING HEMATOMA” IS RED AND BLUE, INDICATING THAT BLOOD IS FLOWING INTO AND OUT OF THE AREA. THIS IS CALLED THE “YIN YANG SIGN |
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Term
| “TO , FRO” PATTERN ASSOCIATED WITH A PSEUDOANEURYSM MEANS |
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Definition
| FLOW ABOVE AND BELOW THE BASE LINE, INDICATING MULTIDIRECTIONAL FLOW IN THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PSEUDO AND THE ARTERY |
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Term
| ARTERIO VENOUS FISTULA (AV FISTULA) |
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Definition
Abnormal communication between an artery and vein
May be congenital or acquired
A femoral stick or other angiographic procedures may be the cause
Blood flow may be stolen from distal CIRCULATION |
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Term
| POPLITEAL ARTERY ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME |
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Definition
COMPRESSION OF THE POPLITEAL ARTERY BY SURROUNDING MUSCULATURE
CALF CLAUDICATION SYMPTOMS AFTER RUNNING (not walking) |
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Term
| GOLD STANDARD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF POPLITEAL ARTERY ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME |
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Definition
| Digital Subtraction Angiography |
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Term
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Definition
INFLAMMATION WITH THROMBOSIS OF THE WALLS OF THE ARTERIES
MAY AFFECT THE TIBIAL AND PERONEAL ARTERIES |
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Term
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Definition
| + BUERGER’S DISEASE (AKA: THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS) IS A TYPE OF ARTERITIS. IT AFFECTS YOUNG MEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 20 AND 40 YEARS WHO SMOKE OR CHEW TOBACCO. |
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Term
| SYMPTOMS OF BUERGER'S DISEASE |
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Definition
| SYMPTOMS INCLUDE PAIN OR TENDERNESS IN THE AFFECTED REGION, NUMBNESS OR TINGLING OF THE LIMBS, SKIN ULCERS OF THE FINGERS OR TOES, LESSENED PULSES, DISCOLORATION, TWO OR MORE LIMBS AFFECTED, AND SYMPTOMS MAY WORSEN WITH EXPOSURE TO COLD TEMPERATURES OR EMOTIONAL STRESS. |
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Term
| DIAGNOSIS OF BUERGER’S DISEASE |
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Definition
| BUERGER’S DISEASE IS DIAGNOSED THROUGH AN ANGIOGRAM OR ARTERIOGRAM OF THE UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES, OR THROUGH DOPPLER ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION. + |
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Term
| WHAT IS ARTERIAL STEAL SYNDROM AND ITS SYMPTOMS |
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Definition
| THIS MAY CAUSE ISCHEMIC SYMPTOMS (SUCH AS COOLNESS OF THE LIMB OR PAIN), A REDUCTION OF DISTAL RESISTANCE IN THE ARTERY, AND IF SEVERE ENOUGH, SOME DEGREE OF HEART FAILURE. A THRILL (VIBRATION) IS OFTEN PRESENT WITH AN AV FISTULA. + |
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Term
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Definition
| THE FIRST BRANCH ON THE RIGHT IS THE INNOMINATE ARTERY, WHICH BRANCHES INTO THE RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY. THE NEXT BRANCH IS THE LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY. THE THIRD BRANCH ARISING DIRECTLY FROM THE ARCH IS THE LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY. + |
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Term
| BRANCHES OF AXILLARY ARTERY |
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Definition
SUPERIOR ARTERY
THORACIC ARTERY
THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY
LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY
SUBCAPSULAR ARTERY
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR HUMERAL ARTERY
THORACODORSAL ARTERY |
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Term
| THE SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH IS: |
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Definition
| THE SUPERFICIAL ARCH IS FORMED MAINLY BY THE ULNAR ARTERY AND IS JOINED BY A SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF THE RADIAL ARTERY. |
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Term
| THE DEEP PALMAR PALMAR ARCH |
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Definition
| THE DEEP PALMAR ARCH IS FORMED MAINLY BY A DEEP BRANCH OF THE RADIAL ARTERY AND IS COMPLETED BY THE DEEP BRANCH OF THE ULNAR ARTERY. + |
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Term
| SIGNS & SYMPTOMS UPPER EXTREMITY ARTERIAL DISEASE |
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Definition
WEAKNESS OF THE ARM OR HAND WITH EXERCISE
REDUCED OR ABSENT PULSES
WEAKNESS, PAIN, OR NUMBNESS IN HAND RELATED TO POSITION
ISCHEMIA OF THE FINGERS
COLD SENSITIVITY |
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Term
| UPPER EXTREMITY ARTERIAL DISEASE |
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Definition
ATHEROSCLEROTIC ARTERIAL DISEASE
THROMBOEMBOLISM
ARTERITIS
RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME
THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME |
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Term
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Definition
| RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME IS A VASOSPASTIC DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE UPPER EXTREMITY ARTERIES |
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Term
| SYMPTOMS OF RAYNAUD'S DISEASE |
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Definition
| IN RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME, SYMPTOMS OF DIGITAL ISCHEMIA ARE PRESENT. THE PATIENT MAY HAVE PALLOR, CYANOSIS, NUMBNESS, OR PAIN IN THE FINGERS. THESE SYMPTOMS ARE CAUSED BY EPISODES INVOLVING DIGITAL VASOSPASMS. |
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Term
| 2 TYPES OF RAYNAUD'S DISEASE |
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Definition
| IN PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S, THE ARTERIES ARE COMPLETELY NORMAL AND THE DISORDER IS PURELY VASOSPASTIC IN NATURE.IN SECONDARY RAYNAUD’S, THE VASOSPASMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN UNDERLYING SYSTEMIC DISORDER (AUTOIMMUNE OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE). |
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Term
| PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME |
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Definition
| PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S SYNDROME IS A SERIES OF VASOSPASTIC ATTACKS. THIS TYPE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ANY UNDERLYING DISEASE. THE VESSELS OF THE DIGITS CONSTRICT IN RESPONSE TO COLD TEMPERATURES OR EMOTIONAL STRESS. ONCE AN ATTACK BEGINS, A PERSON MAY EXPERIENCE THREE PHASES OF CHANGES IN SKIN COLOR. + THE SKIN FIRST CHANGES TO WHITE (PALLOR), + THEN TO BLUE (CYANOSIS), + FINALLY TO RED (RUBOR) AS THE BLOOD RETURNS TO THE DIGITS. DURING THE ATTACK, THE FINGERS (OR TOES) MAY FEEL COLD AND NUMB, THEN THROB AND TINGLE WHEN BLOOD FLOW RETURNS. + THIS CONDITION IS MOST COMMON IN YOUNG WOMEN + AND STARTS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 AND 25 YEARS OF AGE. TREATMENT IS CONSERVATIVE, AS DAMAGE TO THE ARTERIES AND TISSUES DOES NOT OCCUR. |
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Term
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Definition
DUE TO CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL VESSEL WALLS OR INCREASED VISCOSITY OF BLOOD
CAUSES INCLUDE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE, BLOOD DISORDERS, ARTERIAL CAUSES, NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS, DRUG RELATED
MAY BE UNILATERAL, PATCHY, AND ASYMMETRICAL
SYMPTOMS MAY BE MORE SEVERE |
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Term
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Definition
TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS
BUERGER’S DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
| TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS IN FOUND PRIMARILY IN WOMEN IN THEIR TWENTIES OR THIRTIES. IT IS RELATED TO AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER AND AFFECTS THE AORTIC ARCH BRANCHES. |
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Term
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Definition
| THE THORACIC OUTLET IS THE SPACE BETWEEN THE RIB CAGE AND THE COLLAR BONE. + THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME IS INTERMITTENT PAIN, NUMBNESS, TINGLING, WEAKNESS, OR COLDNESS IN THE UPPER EXTREMITY CAUSED BY COMPRESSION OF EITHER THE NERVES OR BLOOD VESSELS IN THE THORACIC OUTLET. |
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Term
| WHAT CAN BE THE RESULT OF TOS |
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Definition
| TOS MAY LEAD TO THROMBOSIS, FIBROSIS, AND ANEURYSM OF THE SUBCLAVIAN AND/OR AXILLARY ARTERY. PHYSICAL THERAPY IS THE USUAL TREATMENT, WITH SURGERY AS A LAST RESORT. |
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Term
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Definition
PERFORMED WHEN PATIENT COMPLAINS OF ARM PAIN OR NUMBNESS THAT IS POSITION RELATED
USED TO RULE OUT COMPRESSION OF SUBCLAVIAN OR AXILLARY ARTERIES
PERFORM BASELINE STUDY |
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Term
| WHAT IS BASELINE STUDY FOR TOS TESTING |
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Definition
Segmental systolic pressures at arm and forearm bilaterally
Obtain pulse volume recordings or CW waveforms from axillary, brachial, radial, and basilic arteries
OBTAIN WAVEFORMS WITH PATIENT IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS
MOST IMPORTANT TO EVALUATE THE PATIENT IN THE SYMPTOMATIC POSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| TESTING FOR PATENCY OF THE PALMAR ARCH IS REQUIRED PRIOR TO RADIAL ARTERY HARVEST FOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY, OR PRIOR TO THE PLACEMENT OF A HEMODIALYSIS GRAFT OR FISTULA PLACEMENT |
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