Term
| ANTERIOR CIRCULATION CONTAINS: |
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Definition
| COMMON CAROTID A., INTERNAL CAROTID A., EXTERNAL CAROTID A. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| INTRACRANIAL OF ICA INCLUDES: |
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Definition
| OPHTALMIC A.ORIGINATES NEAR CAROTID SIPHON,ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL A WHICH TERMINATE AT THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS, POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING A. |
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Term
| THE FIRST BRANCH OF ASCENDING AORTA BEFORE BECOMING AORTIC ARCH |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 BRANCHES OF AORTIC ARCH |
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Definition
| INNOMINATE A., LEFT CCA, LEFT SUBCLAVIAN A. |
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Term
| VESSELS OF MICROCIRCULATION: |
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Definition
| ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, CAPILLARIES |
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Term
| MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF ARTERIAL WALL CONTAINS: |
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Definition
| TUNICA INTIMA (INNER LAYER COMPOSED OF ONE LAYER OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS), TUNICA MEDIA (THE THICKEST LAYER COMPOSED OF SMOOTH MUSCLES AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES)AND TUNICA EXTERNA OR ADVENTITIA (THE OUTERMOST LAYER COMPOSED OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUES) |
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Term
| THE VESSELS THAT CARRY BLOOD TO THE ADVENTITIA LAYER OF ARTERIAL WALLS |
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Definition
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Term
| THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT IS PUMPED INTO AORTA WITH EACH HEAT BEAT |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENDS WITH EACH CARDIAC CONTRACTION |
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Definition
| PRESSURE IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE RISES RAPIDLY, LEFT VENTRICLE PRESSURE EXCEEDS THAT IN THE AORTA (PRESSURE GRADIANT), AORTIC VALVE OPENS AND BLOOD IS EJECTED, BP RISES. |
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Term
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Definition
| PRESSURE (POTENTIAL)ENERGY, KINETIC ENERGY, GRAVITATIONAL (HYDROSTATIC) ENERGY. |
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Term
| HYDROSTATIC ENERGY IS DEFINED AS |
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Definition
| THE WEIGHT OF THE COLUMN OF BLOOD EXTENDING FROM THE HEART TO THE LEVEL WHERE PRESSURE IS MEASURED. |
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Term
| FACTORES AFFECTING RESISTANCE TO FLOW |
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Definition
| VISCOSITY, VESSEL LENGTH AND VESSEL RADIUS |
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Term
| WHAT CONDITIONS CAN INCREASE THE VISCOSITY OF BLOOD |
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Definition
| ELEVATED HEMATOCRIT(ERYTROCYTHEMIA)AND DEHYDRATION |
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Term
| WHAT CONDITION CAN DECREASE BLOOD VISCOSITY |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LAYERS OF BLOOD CELLS MOVING AGAINST ONE ANOTHER, THE FASTEST MOVING FLOW IS IN THE CENTER AND SLOW MOVING AND STATIONARY FLOW REMAIN AT THE WALL. |
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Term
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Definition
| THE LAYERS OF BLOOD CELLS ARE MOVING WITH THE SAME SPEED. IT IS SEEN AT VESSEL ORIGIN |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO FORMS OF ENERGY LOSS |
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Definition
| VISCOUS ENERGY LOSS DUE TO INCREASED FRICTION, AND INERTIAL LOSS DUE TO DIVIATIONS FROM PLUG TO LAMINAR WHICH OCCURS DUE TO CHANGE IN DIRECTION AND/OR VELOCITY |
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Term
| POISEUILLE'S EQUATION DEFINES |
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Definition
| RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE, FLOW VOLUME AND RESISTANCE. IT HELPS ANSWER QUESTION OF HOW MUCH FLUID MOVES THROUGH A VESSLE. |
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Term
| WHICH FACTOR HAS THE MOST DRAMATIC EFFECT ON RESISTANCE |
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Definition
| DIAMETER OF THE VESSEL BECAUSE IT IS TO THE 4TH POWER |
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Term
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Definition
| THE INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND VELOCITY |
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Term
| FLOW SEPARATION OR BOUNDRY LAYER SEPARATION IS |
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Definition
| IS THE AREA OF LITTLE MOVEMENT DUE TO BIFURCATION OR TORTUOUS VESSEL. CAN ALSO BE DUE TO INTRA LUMINAL DISEASE.IT IS SEEN AS OPPOSIT COLOR CLOSE TO THE WALL |
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Term
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Definition
| FLOW WITH CONSTANT SPEED (VENOUS FLOW) |
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Term
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Definition
| FLOW WITH CHANGES IN PRESSURE AND SPEED WITH EACH HEART BEAT. |
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Term
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Definition
1.SYSTOLE-FORWARDFLOW WITH ACCELARATION
2.LATE SYSTOLE/EARLY DIASTOLE-TEMPORARY FLOW REVERSAL DUE TO PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
3.END DIASTOLE-FLOW IS FORWARD AGAIN. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTINUOUS STEADY FLOW FEEDING A DILATED VASCULAR BED(VESODILATION),EXAMPLE ARTERIES: ICA, VERTEBRAL, RENAL, CELIAC, SPLENIC, HEPATIC |
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Term
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Definition
| FLOW OF A PULSATILE NATURE WHICH CAUSE NO OR LITTLE FLOW IN DIASTOLE DUE TO VESOCONSTRICTION OF THE PERIPHERAL VASCULAR BED. EXAMPLE ARTERIES:ECA, SUBCLAVIAN, AORTA, ILIAC, EXTREMITY ARTERIES AND FASTING SMA |
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Term
| DOPPLER FLOW PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TO A SIGNIFICANT STENOSIS(GRATER THAN %50) |
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Definition
| DOPPLER FLOW PROXIMAL TO A SIGNIFICANT STENOSIS BECOMES HIGHER RESISTANCE AND DISTAL TO STENOSIS BECOMES LOWER RESISTANCE |
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Term
| POSTERIOR CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION |
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Definition
| LEFT AND RIGHT VERTEBRAL ARTERIES (BRANCH OF L AND R SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES) WHICH JOIN EACHOTHER AND FORM BASILAR ARTERY. BASILAR ARTERY DIVIDES INTO POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERIES |
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Term
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Definition
| ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERIES, DISTAL ICA, ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERIES, POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERIES AND POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERIES |
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Term
| BRANCHES OF OPHTHALMIC ARTERY |
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Definition
| SUPRAORBITAL A., FRONTAL A., AND NASAL A. |
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Term
| PERIORBITAL CIRCULATION WHICH CAN BECOME PERIORBITAL COLATERALS |
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Definition
1.SUPRAORBITAL A. WHICH JOINS ECA VIA SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL A.
2.FRONTAL A. WHICH JOINS ECA VIA SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL A. |
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Term
| EFFECTS OF STENOSIS ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS |
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Definition
| VELOCITY ACCELERATION DUE TO AREA REDUCTION AT THE STENOSIS WHICH RESULTS IN ENERGY LOSSES DUE TO ACCELERATION. DISTAL TO THE STENOSIS TURBULENCE FLOW OCCURS DUE TO ENLARGED AREA AND INCREASED PRESSURE.(EDDY OR VORTICE CURRENTS) |
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Term
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Definition
| material that is atherosclerotic that builds up on the vessel walls; may restrict flow or send small clots distally |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of an artery, usually caused by plaque build-up |
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Term
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Definition
| alternate pathways for blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| a solid, liquid, or gas traveling in circulation that may cause vessel occlusion |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the characteristics of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in frequency resulting from motion |
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Term
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Definition
| - analysis of the frequency shifts present in pulsed wave Doppler signals |
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Term
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Definition
| the speed and direction of blood flow derived from the Doppler shift |
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Term
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Definition
| - amount of blood ejected with each contraction |
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Term
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Definition
LOSS OF LAMINAR PROFILE
IRREGULAR FLOW PATTERN
FLOW IN FORWARD DIRECTION
FLOW OSCILLATES AND WAVERS
CAUSED BY :
Change in vessel direction
Changed velocities |
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Term
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Definition
FLOW IS CHAOTIC
DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS
DIFFERENT SPEEDS
VORTICES AND EDDIES
VARIES IN TIME & WITH LOCATION
ASSOCIATED WITH BRUITS AND THRILLS |
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Term
| REYNOLD'S CRITICAL NUMBER |
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Definition
PREDICTS THE ONSET OF TURBULENT FLOW
FACTORS: flow velocity, fluid density, radius of vessel, viscosity of blood |
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Term
| REYNOLD'S CRITICAL NUMBER |
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Definition
| WHEN REYNOLDS NUMBER EXCEEDS 2000, LAMINAR FLOW TENDS TO BECOME DISTURBED! |
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Term
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Definition
Arteries are compliant
Pressure increase in systole
Artery expands
Pressure decrease in diastole
Artery contracts
Produces flow in diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| ARTERIES ARE CAPABLE OF EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION WITH CHANGES IN PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
BRUITE-LOW RUMBLING SOUND HEARD UPON AUSCULATION
THRILLS-PALPABLE VIBRATION FELT AT THE STENOSIS |
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