Term
| 2 large cell vasculitides? |
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Definition
1) Temporal (giant cell) arteritis: segmental granulomatous inflammation of branches of carotid --> jaw claudication, blindness, headaches. Association w/ ppl >50 & polymyalgia rheumatica
2) Takayasu arteritis: "pulsless disease" --> inflammation of aortic arch @ branch points --> weak pulses in upper extremities. <50 y.o. in asian women.
both have an elevated ESR; both are treated w/ corticosteroids; both have granulomatous inflammation |
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Term
| name 3 medium size vasculitides? |
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Definition
Medium size vasculitides --> muscular ateries that supply organs:
1) Polyarteritis Nodosa (everything but lung)
2) Kawasaki disease (coronary aneurysms in kids)
3) Buerger disease (smoking, autoamputation) |
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Term
| young adult w/ HTN, abdominal pain w/ melena, neurologic disturbances & skin lesions. HBsAg(+). Biopsy of vascular lesions show lesions at various stages |
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Definition
Polyarteritis nodosa
early lesions: transmural inflammation w/ fibrinoid necrosis --> heals w/ fibrosis --> "string of pearls"
Tx w/ corticosteroids |
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Term
| Fever like sx w/ rash on palms & soles, erythematous tongue. Coronary artery aneurysm may lead to MI in childhood |
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Definition
| Kawasaki disease. Tx w/ aspirin (CONTRAINDICATED IN KIDS W/ VIRAL INFECTIONS b.c. of Reye's syndrome) OR IVIG |
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Term
Small vessel vasculitides (4)
1) Lung involvement?
2) Asthma association?
3) RPGN (crescentic)?
4) ANCA?
5) granulomas? |
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Definition
Wegners, Microscopic Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
1) all of them except HSP (but HSP usually follows a respiratory infection)
2) Churg Strauss (also peripheral eosinophilia)
3) Wegners; HSP has IgA nephropathy; All of them affect the kidney in some way (except maybe Churg-Strauss)
4) c-ANCA = Wegners; p-ANCA = MP & CSS
5) Granulomas = Wegners, CSS (w/ eosinophils); No granulomas in HSP & MP |
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Term
size of artery in:
1) Atherosclerosis
2) Arteriolosclerosis
3) Monckeberg medial calcific stenosis |
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Definition
1) Medium-large (thickening of media)
2) Small (hyalin or hyperplastic)
3) medium (benign; may be seen on mammography) |
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Term
| What characterizes an atheroembolus (i.e. part of atherosclerotic plaque breaks off & lodges someplace upstream) |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 causes of hyaline arteriolosclerosis? |
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Definition
long standing benign HTN & diabetes
remember, hyaline arteriolosclerosis is due to proteins leaking into vessel wall.
The narrowing of the lumen causes end-organ ischemia classically producing glomerular scarring (arteriolonephrosclerosis) --> chronic renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
Malignant hypertension:
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis (hyperplasia of smooth muscle, i.e. "onion skinning") --> fibrinoid necrosis of vessel w/ pinpoint hemorrhage ("flea-bitten") |
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Term
| Mechanism of media weakening (producing aneurysm)in HTN & Marfan/ED |
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Definition
HTN: hyalin arteriolosclerosis of vasa vasorum --> ischemia of media --> atrophy
Marfan/ED/Loeys-Dietz: cystic medial degeneration (weakness of connective tissue) |
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Term
| most common cause of death in aortic dissection? |
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Definition
cardiac tamponade
Other sequela: fatal hemorrhage, obtruction of branching arteries (from dissection down to them, e.g. coronary, renal) |
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Term
Give a little info on each thing:
1) Strawberry hemangioma
2) Cherry hemangioma
3) Pyogenic granuloma
4) Cystic Hygroma
5) Glomus tumor
6) Bacillary angiomatosis
7) Angiosarcoma
8) Lymphangiosarcoma
9) Kaposi's sarcoma |
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Definition
1) Kids, gets bigger then regresses
2) Elderly, doesn't regress
3) can ulcerate & bleed; pregnancy & trauma; skin or oral mucosa
4) Turners; cavernous lymphagioma in neck
5) Painful; under fingernail
6) Aids; B.henselae
7) Liver; Vinyl chloride, Arsenic, Thorotrast
8) Seen w/ chronic lymphatic obstruction (e.g. radical mastectomy)
9) HHV8, AIDS, Older european males, transplant recipients; tumor of endothelial cells |
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