Anatomic variants of the lower extremity arterial anatomy are inconsistent.

True or False?

Plethysmography rely on

A. volume changes

B. Doppler shift

C. Temperature    

D. Vessel Waveforms

Ankle- Rachial Index is

A. the ratio of the ankle diastolic pressure to brachial diastolic pressure.

B. the ratio of the ankle systolic pressure to brachial diastolic pressure.

C. the ratio of the ankle systolic pressure to brachial systolic pressure.

D. the ratio of the ankle diastolic pressure to brachial systolic pressure.

Segmental pressures in the lower extremity help to determine the level of an arterial lesions.

True or False?

Duplex scanning of the lower extremity arteries is most commonly one of the last test done to evaluate location and severity of a lesion.

True or False?

When a vessel is incompressible this indicates

A. there is adequate flow

B. the vessel has medial wall calcification

C. the vessel is occluded

D. the vessel has mild stenosis

The common femoral artery bifurcates into the 

A. deep femoral and superficial femoral arteries

B. popliteal artery

C. anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

D. internal and external iliac arteries

The most common upper extremity arterial variant is

A. radial artery origin from the azillary artery

B. common origin of the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries

C. persisitent median artery

D. early division of the brachial artery

B. common origin of the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries

It is not important for vascular technologist to be familiar with commonly seen collateral pathways in the arterial extremitites.

True or False

 Stress testing provides a method for detecting less severe degrees of arterial disease.

True or False

The most cephalad visceral arterial branch off the aorta is

A. renal arteries

B. celiac trunk

C. SMA

D. IMA

The right renal artery is _______ to the IVC

A. lateral 

B. anterior

C. posterior

D. medial

False aneurysm can occur at graft anasomoses.

True or False?

In a fasting patient, a low resistance Doppler pattern is seen in the SMA.

True or False?

The most disastrous complication of aortic aneurysm is:

A. obstruction of renal arteries

B. rupture

C. emboli.

D. dissection

Early aortic graft failure is commonly due to weakened graft material.

True or False?

Isolated iliac arterial aneurysms are uncommon.

True or False?

Manual compression of the extremity distal to the site of ultrasound examinations __________ venous flow

A. does nothing to 

B. augments

C. decreases

Valsalva maneuver with sessation of blood flow is evaluated with 

A. audible Dopper signal

B. Doppler spectrum display

C. color flow images

D. two of the above

Venous blood flow is from distal veins to proximal veins

True or False?

Venous valves that allow blood to flow retrograde are described as incompetent.

True or False?

What percentage of individuals have an anatomic variant with duplication of the femoral vein.

A. 10%

B. 25%

C. 35%

D. 50%

When performing an extremity vein ultrasound intermittent compression is done in what view?

A. short-axis

B. long-axis

C. coronal

All veins in the lower extremity are paired.

True or False?

Which are the primary superficial veins that drain blood from the lower extremity superficial venous system.

A. peroneal venae comitantes

B. anterior and posterior tibial veins

C. greater (long) and lesser (small) saphenous veins

D. cephalic and basilic veins

In normally functioning perforating veins, the valves maintain flow in one direction, from deep to superficial.

True or False?

 When performing a lower extremity venous ultrasounds, you want conditions to allow vasodilation.

True or False?

Which of the following Doppler angles would have the most accurate velocity in vascular ultrasound?

A. 65 degrees

B. 0 degrees

C. 40 degrees

D. 55 degrees

Flow disturbance can be seen on the Doppler spectrum as:

A. No spectral window filling

B. Cannot be seen on the Doppler spectrum

C. Filling of the spectral window

Spectral broadening is only seen in stenotic vessels.

True or False?

The Doppler waveform distal to a severe arterial obstruction has a "damped" appearance.

True or False?

Color flow imaging is not an essential componenet of ultrasound vascular diagnosis.

True or False?

Power Doppler flow imaging is best used in:

A. moving vessels

B. small vessels

C. faster flow rates

D. all of the above

Blood flow is best detected by CDI when the flow is perpendicular to the transducer.

True or False?

Increasing the color box size, increases the image quality.

True or False?

Color Doppler imaging can be deomonstrate:

A. Direction of blood flow

B. velocity of the blood flow

C. disturbance of blood flow

D. all of the above

A collateral flow pattern change that can indicate a stenosis in an artery near by is?

A. decreased velocity

B. decreased volume flow

C. reversal of 100% flow

D. all of the above

Which of the following components of Poiseuille's equation has the greatest effect on flow?

A. pressure gradients

B. viscosity

C. radius

D. vessel length

Which of the following are characteristics of laminar blood flow?

A. blood moves in concentric layers

B. layers nearest the vessel wall move with less velocity

C. layers nearest the center of the vessel move with the greater velocity

D. all of the above

E. only two of the above

In the vascular system, what must be present for blood to flow?

A. no change in pressure

B. low to high pressure change.

C. high to low pressure change

D. none of the above

Resistance in the cerebrovascular system is?

A. low

B. high

C. both high and low

D. neither

Turbulance within a vessel can be clinically detected as?

A. murmur

B. stenosis

C. bruit or thrill

D. all of the above

Venous pressure is?

A. the same as arterial pressure

B. lower than arterial pressure

C. higher than arterial pressure

D. none of the above

Venous return flow is affected by?

A. respiration

B. pressure changes in the cardiac cycle

C. hydrostatic pressure

D. all of the above

Cardiac function is not an important factor in blood circulation in the vascular system.

True or False

Pulsatile changes in the arterioles are inhanced by vasoconstriction.

True or False?

Diastolic flow reversal is normally seen in arteries that feed high resistance vascular beds.

True or False?

Posterior circulation to the brain is supplied largely by?

A. vertebral arteries

B. common carotid arteries

C. internal carotid arteries

D. external carotid arteries

There are no arterial branches off the intercranial internal carotid artery.

True or False?

The brain receives what % of the body's cardiac output?

A.5%

B. 15%

C. 20%

D. 30%

The left common carotid artery branches off the brachiocephalic artery

True or False

Absence of laminar flow always implies an abnormality.

True or False

In the CCA flow (normal individual),

A. the diastolic flow is lower than in the ECA

B. the systolic flow is lower in the proximal segments

C. it's less pulsatile than the ICA flow

D. there is a significant pattern of high-resistance

E. the pattern reflects characteristics of both the ICA and ECA

Plaque thickness is best measured in the

A. transverse view

B. longitudinal view

Plaque with low echogenisity

A. is easily seen

B. has a low lipid content

C. has a low risk of cerebrovascular events

D. has a high risk of cerebrovascular events

Reversal of flow in one of the vertebral arteries indicates

A. significant stenosis in the proximal subclavian artery

B. significant stenosis in the ipsilateral proximal verterbal artery

C. significant stenosis in the ipsilateral distal vertebral artery.

D. significant stenosis in the contralateral distal vertebral artery.

A normal Doppler waveform of the vertebral artery should appear as a scaled-down version of the internal carotic artery.

True or False

Name 5 signs and symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Abdominal pain

back pain

leg pain

blue toe syndrome

pulsatile mass in the abdomen

sense of fullness in the epigastrium

systolic mrmur in the area of the aneurysm

peripheral edema from obstruction to the IVC

Signs and symptoms of an acute arterial occlusion.

5 P's

pain

pallor

pulselessness

paresthesia

paralysis

Symptoms of pulmonary embolysm

dyspnea

chest pain

apprehension and anxiety

non productive cough

hemoptysis

tachypnea