Term
True or False
Venous valves assist in moving blood back to the heart. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The dicrotic notch often seen in an arterial waveform indicates
A. the end of systole
B. the onset of LV relaxation
C. the closure of the aortic valve
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The plane which divides the body into equal left and right halves is called the:
A. Coronal Plane
B. Median Plane
C. Transverse Plane
D. Sagittal Plane |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| toward the ventral surface |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| toward the dorsal surface |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| toward the mid-sagittal plane |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
letter A indicates plaque
letter B indicates lumen
letter C indicates intima
letter D indicates media
letter E indicates adventitia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A atrial systole
B ventricular systole
C ventricular diastole |
|
|
Term
The formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones is called
A. vasculopathy
B. vasculogenesis
C. angioblastosis
D. angiogenesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
laminar flow AND
parabolic flow |
|
|
Term
In a tube model, laminar flow tends to be disturbed if Reynold's number exceeds
A. 4000
B. 2000
C. 500
D. 1000 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A critical stenosis is one which causes a
A. increase in velocity
B. increase in pressure
C. reduction in flow
D. reduction in velocity |
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Definition
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|
Term
Both pressure and energy _________ from the arterial to the venous ends of the circulatory system.
1. decrease
2. increase
3. oscillate
4. stay the same |
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Definition
|
|
Term
According to Bernoulli, what is NOT true about pressure/velocity relationships?
1. pressure is higher at the region of stenosis
2. pressure is lower at the region of stenosis
3. velocity and pressure are inversely related
4. pressure changes across a stenosis 0% |
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Definition
| 1. 1. pressure is higher at the region of stenosis |
|
|
Term
In human circulation, potential energy is associated with
1. blood pressure
2. blood density
3. blood volume
4. blood velocity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bernoulli's principle explains which phenomenon of the carotid bulb?
1. areas of flow separation
2. areas of laminar flow
3. decreased flow with increased viscosity
4. increased flow through a stenosis |
|
Definition
| 1. areas of flow separation |
|
|
Term
In the circulatory system, kinetic energy is associated with
1. blood velocity
2. blood temperature
3. blood volume
4. blood pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
According to Poiseuille's law, which factor has the most dramatic effect on blood flow?
1. radius of vessel
2. viscosity of the fluid
3. length of the vessel
4. elasticity of the vessel wall |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Blood flow which moves in concentric layers is said to be
1. laminar
2. disturbed
3. circular
4. turbulent |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of blood vessels? |
|
Definition
| arteries, veins, capillaries |
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|
Term
| The pulsation of the heart occurs in two phases called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When the heart is resting it is called:
A. systole
B. diastole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is diastolic pressure? |
|
Definition
| The force exerted deuring maximum relaxation of the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
True or False
Arteries and veins both have walls with 3 layers |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The outermost layer of a vessel wall is the:
A. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica intima |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The middle layer of a vessel wall is the:
A. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica intima |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The innerlayer of a vessel wall is the:
A. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica intima |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the vasa vasorum? |
|
Definition
| Small vessels that nourish the tunica adventita of veins and arteries. |
|
|
Term
The tunica adventitia is made of:
A. endothelial tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The tunica media is made of:
A. endothelial tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements regarding tunica adventitia is true?
A. In veins, TA is much stronger than in arteries.
B. The TA in veins is much thinner and weaker than in arteries. |
|
Definition
| B. The TA in veins is much thinner and weaker than in arteries. |
|
|
Term
The tunica intima is made of:
A. endothelial tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Arterioles are made of:
A. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica intima |
|
Definition
| B. Tunica media & C. Tunica intima |
|
|
Term
| What are the four catagories of tissue? |
|
Definition
| Muscle, connective, nerve and epithelial |
|
|
Term
| How does the tunica adventitia differences btw arteries and veins affect what we see in ultrasound? |
|
Definition
| Because there is less TA in veins, they tend to collapse |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements regarding tunica media is true?
A. In veins, TM is much stronger than in arteries.
B. The TM in veins is much thinner and less elastic than in arteries. |
|
Definition
| B. The TM in veins is much thinner and less elastic than in arteries. |
|
|
Term
| Why do veins need less tunica media than arteries? |
|
Definition
| Arteries must withstand the beating of the heart, but veins are usually nonpulsatile. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of venous valves? |
|
Definition
| Controlling the flow of blood-directing it back towards the heart |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for venous valves? (because of their 1/2-moon shape) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where is the apex cordis?
A. At the top of the heart
B. At the bottom of the heart |
|
Definition
| B. At the bottom of the heart |
|
|
Term
The loose sac that encloses the heart is called the;
A. Epicardium
B. Myocardium
C. Pericardium
D. Endocardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The wall of the heart is composed of 3 layers. Which of the following is ordered correctly from outer to inner?
A. Myocardium, Epicardium, Endocardium
B. Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
C. Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium |
|
Definition
| B. Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vessels supply the myocardium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do coronary arteris arise from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| death of tissue caused by a lack of O2 |
|
|
Term
Which 3 vessels arise from the aortic arch?(normally)
What are these 3 vessels called (all together)? |
|
Definition
innominate (brachiocephalic)
Lft CCA
Lft Subclavian
The Great Vessels |
|
|
Term
| Which arteries supply blood to the upper extremities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To palpate the subclavian artery, which approach is (usually) best?
A. infraclavicular
B. supraclavicular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the best place to palpate the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the best place to palpate the brachial artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the brachial artery in teh antecubital fossa? |
|
Definition
| It bifurcates to form 2 new vessels (the radial and ulnar arteries) |
|
|
Term
| Which artery travels along the lateral side of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the best place to palpate the radial artery? |
|
Definition
| the anterolateral aspect of the wrist |
|
|
Term
| Which artery travels along the medial aspect of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the best place to palpate the ulnar artery? |
|
Definition
| The anteromedial side of the forearm. |
|
|
Term
| The radial and ular arteries rejoin in the hand and form the___________. |
|
Definition
| Palmar arches (superficial and deep) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joining of the terminal portion of a vessel |
|
|
Term
| What forms the superficial palmar arch? |
|
Definition
| the ananstomosis of the terminal portion of the ulnar artery with the palmar branch of the radial artery |
|
|
Term
| What forms the deep palmar arch? |
|
Definition
| the anastomosis fo the terminal portion of the radial artery with the palmar branch fo the ulnar artery. |
|
|
Term
| From what vessels do the digital arteries arise? |
|
Definition
| From the superficial palmar arch. |
|
|
Term
| How many arteries does each digit have? |
|
Definition
| 2-- a lateral and a medial |
|
|
Term
| The lateral digital arteris arise from the |
|
Definition
| radial digital artery (RDA) |
|
|
Term
| the medial digital arteries arise from_____. |
|
Definition
| The ulnar digital artery (UDA) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a visceral and a parietal branch of the aorta? |
|
Definition
| Visceral branches go to a major organ in a body cavity. Parietal branches go to the wall of a structure..cavity or hollow organ. |
|
|
Term
| From the aortic arch to the level of the diaphragm, the aorta is called the ________. |
|
Definition
| descending thoracic aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
pericardium
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| A. visceral branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
mediastinum
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| A. visceral branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
esophagus
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| A. visceral branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
bronchi
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| A. visceral branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
diaphragm
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
chest muscles
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
In the descending thoracic aorta; Is the
mammary glands
supplied by a
A. visceral branch of the aorta
B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
Definition
| B. parietal branch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| Once the thoracic aorta passes through the diaphragm its name changes to _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 5 visceral branches of the abdominal aorta are: |
|
Definition
the celiac artery (trunk)
the superior mesenteric artery
the renal areteries (rt & lft)
the inferior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major branches of the celiac artery? |
|
Definition
the left gastric artery
the common hepatic artery
the splenic artery |
|
|
Term
| What organ does the gastric artery supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ does the common hepatic artery supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ does the splenic artery supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organs does the SMA supply? |
|
Definition
the small intestine
proximal portion of the colon |
|
|
Term
| What organs do the renal arteries supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which renal artery is longer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organs does the IMA supply? |
|
Definition
large intestine
left 1/2 of the transverse colon
descending colon
rectum |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the abdominal aorta at approximately the level of the umbilicus? |
|
Definition
| It bifurcates into the L & R common iliac arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 branches of the common iliac artery? |
|
Definition
| the internal iliac and the external iliac |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the internal iliac artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a male, the internal pundendal artery trifurcates into what? |
|
Definition
the 3 vessels that supply the penis-
the superficial dorsal
deep cavernosal
spongiosal |
|
|
Term
| In a female, the internal pundendal artery trifurcates into what? |
|
Definition
the deep artery of the clitoris
the dorsal artery of the clitoris
the artery bulb of the urethra |
|
|
Term
| The internal iliac artery becomes the ___________ in both males & females, before it trifurcates |
|
Definition
| the internal pundendal artery |
|
|
Term
| In both males and females, the internal iliac artery supplies: |
|
Definition
| the pelvic viscera, the buttocks, medial aspect of the upper thigh |
|
|
Term
| After the internal iliac branches off of the common iliac, the common iliac is known as the __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the external iliac passes through the inguinal canal, it becomes known as the _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common femoral artery branches in the proximal thigh into the _____________ (also called the _______________) |
|
Definition
deep femoral artery
profunda artery |
|
|
Term
| After the profunda branches off of the common femoral artery, the name of the artery changes to ________________ |
|
Definition
| superficial femoral artery (SFA) |
|
|
Term
| The pathway for the SFA is the __________ AKA ________________ |
|
Definition
adductor canal
Hunter's canal |
|
|
Term
| What is the landmark for locating the SFA? |
|
Definition
| Adductor canal or Hunter's canal |
|
|
Term
| Where is the popliteal fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As the SFA goes through the popliteal fossa its name changes to the ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Below the popliteal fossa the popliteal artery divides into ___________ & ______________ |
|
Definition
| the anterior tibial artery (ATA) and tibial-peroneal trunk |
|
|
Term
| Describe the ATA from its origin to the foot. |
|
Definition
| The ATA goes to the lateral side of the leg and passes in front of the tibia down the shin. At the ankle it swings up onto the top of the foot where its name changes to the dorsalis pedia artery (DPA) |
|
|
Term
| After the bifurcation of the ATA, the tibial peroneal trunk bifurcates into the _________ & ___________ |
|
Definition
| posterior tibial artery (PTA) and peroneal arteries |
|
|
Term
| What is the landmark for palpating the PTA? |
|
Definition
| slightly behind and below the medial maleolus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the path of the peroneal artery |
|
Definition
| It moves through the deep muscle on the posterolateral aspect of the leg. It bifurcates near the ankle into an anterior and posterior branch. |
|
|
Term
| What structure is formed by the anastomosis of the terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the channel that the blood flows through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flow in concentric layers |
|
|
Term
When arteries have laminar flow, which part of the lumen has the fastest velocities, and which part has the slowest velocities?
A. on the sides
B. in the middle |
|
Definition
| In the middle is fastest and on the sides is slowest |
|
|
Term
| What is the flow profile of laminar arterial flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How does the parabolic flow profile change in relation to the diameter of the arteries?
A. Smaller vessels are more parabolic
B. Smaller vessels are more blunted
C. Larger vessels are more parabolic
D. Larger vessels are more blunted
E. A & D
F. B & C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The parabolic shape exists only at:
A. maximum systole
B. maximum diastole
C. no difference between systole & diastole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a stenosed vessel, the parabolic flow profile:
A. exists only at maximum systole
B. exists only at maximum diastole
C. is blunted throughout the cycle
D. is blunted during systole |
|
Definition
| C. is blunted throughout the cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy of something in motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of object to maintain their status quo |
|
|
Term
The 2 factors that determine kinetic energy are:
A. mass and pressure
B. specific gravity and height
C. Velocity and hydrostatic pressure
D. Mass and velocity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy of something at rest |
|
|
Term
Potential energy is a combination of what 2 things (in hemodynamics)
A. intravascular pressure and gravity
B. Mass and Velocity
C. velocity and kinetic energy |
|
Definition
| A. intravascular pressure and gravity |
|
|
Term
Intravascular pressuer is a combination of: (3)
A. muscular contraction of the heart
B. hydrostatic pressure
C. Static filling pressure
D. Velocity of blood
E. Length of vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pressure exerted by a fluid within a closed system |
|
|
Term
| The formula for hydrostatic pressure is: |
|
Definition
| HP= - specific gravity * gravity * height above referece pt |
|
|
Term
| Static filling pressure is: |
|
Definition
| the pressure that exists because of the relationship between the amount of blood in a vessel and the slasticty of the vessel walls. |
|
|
Term
T or F
Static filling pressure is related to the movement of blood within a vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formula for gravitational potential energy is |
|
Definition
| GPE= + specific gravity * gravity * * height above a refernce pt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the combination of kinetic and potential energy present in a system |
|
|
Term
| Two factors that directly influence viscosity are: |
|
Definition
| the concentration of RBCs and the concentration of protein molecules |
|
|
