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Values, Ethics, & Advocacy
Various Terms
16
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
08/27/2008

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Term
VALUES
Definition
Enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea, or action.

May be unspoken or even subconscious

Underlie all moral dilemmas

Influence decisions and actions including nurses' ethical decision making
Term
MORAL ISSUES
Definition
-Arouse conscience

-Concerned with important values and norms evoke words such as good, bad, wrong, should, and ought
Term
MORAL PRINCIPLES
Definition
-Statements about broad, general, philosophical concepts

-Provide the foundation for moral rules which are specific prescriptions for actions

-Useful in ethical discussions

-May be able to agree on principles that apply

-May serve as a basis for the solution to the problem
Term
ACCOUNTABILITY
Definition
"Answerable for oneself and others for one's own actions."
Term
RESPONSIBILITY
Definition
"Specific accountability or liability associated wth the performance of duties of a particular role."
Term
AUTONOMY
Definition
SELF RULE

-Right to make one's own decisions

-Inward autonomy if individuals have the ability to make choices

-Outward autonomy if choices are not limited or imposed by others.
Term
NONMALIFICENCE
Definition
-Duty to do no harm to your patients

-Harm may be intentional or nonintentional
Term
BENEFICENCE
Definition
DOING GOOD
Term
JUSTICE
Definition
FAIRNESS
Term
FIDELITY
Definition
FAITHFUL TO AGREEMENTS AND PROMISES
Term
VERACITY
Definition
TELLING THE TRUTH
Term
CLIENT RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES
Definition
-high quality care
-clean & safe environment
-involvement in your care
-to examine, question, and dispute their care or bills
-comfortable
-free of abuse, mistreatment, neglect or restraint
-confidentiality
-facility rules and relationship to education or other institutions
-participate in social, religious, community and/or support groups
-keep & use personal possessions
Term
MAGICO-RELIGIOUS HEALTH VIEW
Definition
-Health and illness are controlled by supernatural forces

-May believe that illness is a result of "being bad" or opposing God's will

-Getting well is also dependent on God's will

-Some cultures believe magic can cause illness
Term
SCIENTIFIC (BIOMEDICAL) HEALTH VIEW
Definition
-Life and life processes are controlled by physical and biomechanical processes

-Illness is cause by germs, bacteria, or a breakdown of the human machine

-Belief that pills treatments, or surgery will cure
Term
HOLISTIC HEALTH VIEW
Definition
-Forces of nature must be maintained in balance or harmony

-Human life is one aspect of nature

-When the natural balance is disturbed then illness results
Term
FREQUENT AREAS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
Definition
-Family patterns

-Communication style

-Nonverbal communication

-Space orientation

-Time orientation

-Nutritional patterns
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