Term
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Definition
| Deliberate exposure of someone to smallpox, either by blowing into the nose or inserting under the skin, to confer a milder form of the disease and future immunity. |
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Term
| Lady Mary Wortley Montagu |
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Definition
Witnessed variolation in Turkey and brought it to Europe in 1717.
Experimented on prisoners to prove its efficacy. |
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Term
| Cotton Mather and Zabdiel Boylston |
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Definition
| Boston physicians who learned about variolation through African Americans. The government wanted variolation stopped, but in the end, it spread in America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cowpox experiment, inventor of vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
| Neighbor of Jenner, who came up with the idea for vaccination earlier |
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Term
| Smallpox was eradicated in what year? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"Artificial immunity"
Good for disease prevention, controlling diseases for which we have no solid therapy, combating antibiotic resistance, and eradicating pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
Some other entity experiences the disease, and protective factors from their blood are extracted and transfused into the naïve entity.
Called "passive" because the patient's immune system doesn't "learn" anything. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates a patient's immunity though an artificial disease process. The patient generates the defense and keeps the memory cells. |
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Term
| What types of vaccines are there? |
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Definition
Inactivated (killed)
Live attenuated (weakened)
Antigenic molecules
Toxoid
Recombinant |
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Term
| How can we inactivate or attenuate a virus? |
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Definition
Radiation
Chemicals
Mechanically
Genetic engineering
Specific subculturing
Extreme temperatures |
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Term
| Which vaccines use attenuated pathogens? |
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Definition
Sabin polio vaccine
MMR vaccine
Tb vaccine |
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Term
| Which vaccines use killed pathogens? |
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Definition
Whooping cough "P" version vaccine
Salk polio vaccine
Flu vaccines |
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Term
| Which vaccines use subunits? |
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Definition
Hib vaccine
PCV vaccine
Hep A and Hep B vaccines
Whooping cough "aP" version vaccine |
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Term
| Which vaccines are toxoid? |
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Definition
Diptheria vaccine
Tetanus vaccine |
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Term
| Why don't we have more vaccines? |
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Definition
Scientific barriers
Financial barriers
Legal/political barriers
Mass effect of vaccination not immediately seen
Scaremongering
Painful
Boosters frequently needed
Getting vaccines to developing countries is logistically difficult |
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