Adults need the combined Tdap vaccine if 19 to 64 and had the last tetanus vaccine more than 10 years ago, have would likely to become infected and last tetanus vaccine was five or more years ago, in close contact with infants, just given birth and haven't had a Tdap vaccine, or if they might become pregnant.

Give a Td booster if 65 or older and had last tetanus vaccine more than 10 years ago

Pertusis (also called whooping cough) is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable, violent coughing. The coughing can make a deep "whooping" sound when the person tries to breathe - it can be hard to breathe with this infection.

Given if the patient did not receive it as a child or adolescent and is living in a dormitory for the first time, traveling to or working in parts of the world where meningitis is common, or if the spleen has been removed.

To adults who have never had chickenpox

Live vaccine (do not give if immuno - compromised, in pregnancy or if pregnancy is expected within 4 weeks) given SC. Vaccine is stored in the freezer prior to use. The diluent is stored at room temp or in the refrigerator. Once reconstituted, it cannot be stored. Do not freeze reconstituted vaccines.

Give the combined MMR vaccing if born in 1957 or later and never had an MMR vaccination

Give one dose of the MMR vaccine at any time. Give second dose four weeks after the first dose if recently exposed to measles or an outbreak occurs in the community, if a health care worker, if vaccinated with a killed measles vaccine or an unknown type of vaccine from 1963 - 1967, if travels frequently, if a college student, or had a rubella blood test that shows no immunity.

So, basically one definite shot and maybe a second (but not more than three)

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Live vaccine: do not give if immuno - compromised, in pregnancy or if pregnancy is expected within 4 weeks

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease and can cause genital warts (occassionally throat warts) and cancer (primarily cervical, and other reproductive tract cancers)

for females 11 to 12 years, and for females 13 to 26 years who did not get any or all of the shots when they were younger. Can be given to girls as young as 9 years of age.

Three doses. Recommended that all three doses of the vaccine are of the same brand.

Vaccine is avilable for boys and men, 9 - 26 years of age

Give one dose of the HPV vaccine at any time. Give a second dose two months after the first dose, and a third dose six months after the first dose.

Not recommended if allergic to baker's yeast, or if pregnant or currently ill.

How many doses of Hepatits A should be given and what is the time spacing between them?

Two doses. Give one dose of the hepatitis A vaccine at any time. Give a second dose six to 18 months after the first dose.

Sexually Acitve

Male having sex with other males

Sex with those infected with Hep B

Illicit Drug Users

Receiving Hemodialysis

Health care or public saftey workers

Living with someone with hep B

Three doses. Give one dose of the hepatits B vaccine at any time. Give a second dose one month after the first dose. Give a third dose at least two months after the second dose and at least four months after the first dose.

If older than age 60

Give one dose of the shingles vaccine at any time. 

SC vaccine, and is reconstituted. Vaccine is stored in the freezer piror to use. Diluent is stored at room temp or in the refrigerator. Once reconstituted, it cannot be stored. Do not freeze reconstituted vaccines.

Pregnant (what 60 year old would be pregnant); currently ill, allergy to gelatin.

65 or older

have a cronic illness or a week immune system,

Spleen has been removed

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if 65 or older and received the first dose before age 65 and five years or more ago

Two different penumococcal vaccines:

(1) PCV, Prevnar

(2) PPSV, Pneumovax 23

For kids younger than 2 years for preventing otitis media infxns, and importantly rare but potentially fatal menigitis.

For elderly

Everyone age 6 months and older should receive the flu vaccine. But who are considered high-risk patients who should absolutel receive the vaccine.

Pregnant women

Those with asthma, diabetes, or other chronic conditions

(1) Is the person sick today? (mild colds/allergies are fine)

(2) Does the person to be vaccinated have an allergy to eggs or to a component of the vaccine

(3) Has the person to be vaccinated every had a serious reaction to influenza vaccine in the past?

(4) Has the person to be vaccinated ever had Gullain - Barre syndrome

Notice that they have "flu" in the name:

Afluria

Fluarix

FluLaval

Fluvirin

Fluzone

FluMist is the live nasal vaccine given by a nasal spray

It does not cause the flu - except in patients with severe immunosuppression

Healthy people 2-49 years of age who are not pregnant

The single - dose and nasal mist do not contain thimersol.

For relief of fever, other antipyretic medications such as actaminophen/NSAIDs are recommended (no aspirin or other salicylates to anyone < 18 years old due to risk of Reye's syndrome)

Children younger than 4 years should not be given combination OTC cold medications

Treatment is recommended for patients with confirmed or suspected influenza who have severe, complicated, or progessive illness or who are hospitalized. Antiviral treatment is also indicated for prophylaxis in patients at risk for infection who were exposed to the virus. What are the recommended duration of treatment for those infected or for those wanting prophylaxis?

Tamiflu:

Treatment: 5 days

Prophylaxis: 10 days

Inhibit the neuraminidase enzyme which affects the release of viral particles, thereby reducing the amount of virus in the body

TamiFlu: Capsules & Oral Suspension

Name the generic and brand name for the oral inhalation powder formulation of oseltamivir?

Generic: Zanamivir

Brand: Relenza

Peramivir IV

Used int he US under special exception (non-approved)

Treatment: 75 mg BID x 5d

Prevention: 75 mg Qd x 10d