Term
| Name the three principal types of wire used to transmit communications. |
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Definition
(1) Paired. (2) Coaxial. (3) Shilded cable. |
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Term
| What is the physical characteristic of a paired cable? |
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Definition
Paired cable consists of two conductors, individually insulated from one another and twisted together. The pair may be twisted together with other pairs and covered with a protective covering. |
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Term
| Which cable system is used with high frequencies and where extended bandwidths are required? |
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Definition
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Term
| State the major advantage of using coaxial cable. |
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Definition
Coaxial cable doesn't radiate or pickup energy to cause interferance. |
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Term
| Where is shielded cable used within the system control facility? |
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Definition
Use to connect analog-type circuits from the patch bay to the main distribution frame. |
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Term
| Name the four electrical line constants associated with wire and cable communication systems. |
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Definition
(1) Shunt capacitance. (2) Series inductance. (3) Series resistance. (4) Shunt conductance. |
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Term
| What main factors determine the values of the above-line constants? |
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Definition
The particular values depend mainly on the physical configuration and the type of material used in the transmission line. |
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Term
| What determines the travel time of a traveling wave through a transmission line? |
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Definition
Travel time depends on the values of the four fundamental properties of the transmission line. |
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Term
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Definition
The property of a circuit that causes a counter voltage to be induced in the circuit by a change of current in the circuit. |
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Term
| How do wire diameter and transmitter wave frequency affect resistance? |
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Definition
Resistance increases as the diameter of the wire decreases and as the frequency of the transmitted wave increases. |
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Term
| What impairment causes reflection on a transmission line? |
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Definition
A mismatch in impedance between equipment and line. |
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Term
| What is the most serious difficulty in transmitting data over telephone lines? |
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Definition
| Phase distortion or envelope delay distortion. |
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Term
| What is the concern in measuring phase jitter? |
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Definition
Maximum, instantaneous deviations from the average phase of the signal. |
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Term
| What lets you send signals at greatly increased data rates and in greater quantities? |
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Definition
| The use of LEDs or Lasers as a light source. |
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Term
| What is the expected bandwidth per kilometer of a single-mode fiber optic cable? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what maximum temperature can a fiber optics cable operate efficiently? |
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Definition
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Term
| What advantage is offered by optical cable for transmission security? |
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Definition
Fiber optics cable emits no radiation and can't be tapped without detection. |
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Term
| What are the three basic elements of a fiber optics transmission link? |
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Definition
(1) Transmitters. (2) Optical cables. (3) Receivers. |
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Term
| What two light sources are used in fiber optics transmitters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ranges of the short- and long-wavelength regions? |
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Definition
| 800 to 900 nanometers and 1,000 to 1,600 nanometers, respectively. |
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Term
| How must rays be injected into an optical cable to make sure they are wave guided through the fiber? |
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Definition
They must be injected at angles that fall within the acceptance cone. |
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Term
| What two types of photodiodes are used today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the basic construction of a fiber optics cable. |
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Definition
The cable has a central core with one or more glass or plastic fibers. The core is surrounded by a glass or plastic coating called the cladding. A jacket made of plastic or some other hard material is then used to protect the cable. |
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Term
| What are the three types of optical cable? |
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Definition
(1) Multimode step-index. (2) Multimode graded-index. (3) Single mode. |
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Term
| What is the bandwidth of multimode graded-index cable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of absorbtion loss? |
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Definition
Absorption loss is caused by the presence in the fiber of impurities such as iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt. |
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Term
| What is differential delay? |
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Definition
| Pulse spreading or broadening. |
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Term
| All communications entering, leaving, or passing through a DII station are routed through what component? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whay is it important to keep accurate distribution frame circuit records? |
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Definition
To accurately add, remove or fault isolate circuits. |
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Term
| What frame combines the functions of the main distribution frame and the intermediate distribution frame? |
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Definition
| Combined distribution frame. |
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Term
| What distribution frame is used for clear text classified data? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two types of wire guides? |
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Definition
(1) Jumper rings. (2) Fanning strips. |
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Term
| Where in a distribution frame would you find the permanent wiring for patch panels, battery, and ground taps? |
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Definition
| Bottom of the horizontal terminal board. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hole in the end of the wire-wrapping tool bit that accepts the terminal to be wrapped. |
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Term
| What are the three wire-wrapping tools? |
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Definition
(1) Electrical. (2) Mechanical. (3) Hand wrap. |
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Term
| What is the result of pulling the tool back off the terminal during the wrapping operation? |
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Definition
| It causes the wrap to be uneven and not have enough wraps around the terminal. |
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Term
| How long is the shiner on a five-wrap termination? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is a wire-wrapped connection removed from a terminal? |
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Definition
With an unwrapping tool, longnose pliers, or by hand. |
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Term
| What led the military to accept the punch-on connector? |
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Definition
| The success acheived by the commercial world. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of the punch-on connector? |
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Definition
(1) They require less space. (2) Easy access to connector blocks. (3) The ease at which wires can be terminated. |
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Term
| What tool is used for punch-on connectors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two terminations possible on the punch-on connector block? |
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Definition
(1) Looping termination. (2) Ending termination. |
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Term
| How many terminals are on the type 66 connection block? |
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Definition
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Term
| A UTP cable or four-pair cable has eight conductors. What are the colors used? |
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Definition
Four conductors colored blue, orange, green, or brown, are the "ring" conductors. Four are colore white, which are the "tip" conductors. Each tip coductor is marked with either a hand of its ring-mate's color at regular intervals, or has a stripe of its ring-mate's color running its length. |
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Term
| In 25-pair cables, what is the ring colors used? |
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Definition
| Blue, orange, green, brown and slate. |
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Term
| In 25-pair cables, what is the tip colors used? |
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Definition
| White, red, black, yellow, and violet. |
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Term
| What three types of modular cables do you normally make? |
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Definition
(1) A straight-through. (2) Crossover. (3) Rollover cable. |
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Term
| Wat is a registered jack (RJ)-11 normally used for? |
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Definition
This is the standard two- or four-conductor telephone connector used to connect telephone handsets to telephone outlets. |
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Term
| What is a RJ-45 normally used for? |
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Definition
Thisis the standard TP connector used for data networking. |
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Term
| What two wiring standards are used to define how TP cable is attached to an RJ-45 jack or plug? |
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Definition
(1) EIA/TIA 568A. (2) 568B. |
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Term
| What are the steps for attaching a RJ-45 connector? |
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Definition
(1) Strip away about 1.25-inches of outer jacket. (2) Untwist wire pairs; avoid untwisting at end. (3) Arrange wires in flat row in order that matches pinout pattern for cable purpose. (4) Use wire-cutters; trim length of wires to 0.5in. (5) Insert into RJ-45 plug; ensure remain in pattern. (6) Use RJ-45 crimping tool. |
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Term
| What two types of connectors exist for coaxial cable? |
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Definition
(1) Crimp-on. (2) Screw-on. |
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Term
| What are the steps for attaching a crimp-on coaxial connector? |
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Definition
(1) Cut the cable to exactly the length you want the cable to be. (2) Put the crimp-on sleeve on the cable jacket on the end of the cable you are going to connectorize. (3) Using your cable stripper, strip about 5/8" of the jacket from the end of the cable. (4) Trim the braided shielding so that 7/32" of braid is showing. (5) Strip the inner protective plastic insulation around the center conductor so that 7/16" of plastic is showing. (6) Insert the center conductor into the center pin of the connector. (7) Push the connector unil the center pin clicks into the connector. (8) Slide the ferule along the sleeve down the cable so that it pushes the braided shielding around the barrel of the connector. (9) Check to see that the connector is securely attached to the end of the cable-you should not be able to move it. |
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Term
| What are the basic specifications for fiber-optic cable? |
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Definition
The cable is single mode or multimode and the diameters of the core are cladding. |
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Term
| What are some of the most common fiber-optic connector types? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps for attaching an expoxy connector on a fiber-optic cable? |
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Definition
(1) Cut and strip the cable. (2) Trim the aramid yarn. (3) Strip the optical-fiber buffer. (4) Prepare the epoxy. (5) Epoxy the connector. (6) Insert the fiber in the connector. (7) Dry the epoxy. (8) Scribe and remove extra fiber. (9) Polish the tip. (10) Perform a visual inspection. (11) Finish. |
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Term
| What factors determine the size of a connector? |
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Definition
(1) Number of contacts. (2) Current per contact. (3) Voltage. |
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Term
| Why do high-power signals require large connectors? |
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Definition
To handle large contacts needed for high currents and large air gaps needed for high voltage. |
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Term
| List the environmental factors that affect connector operation. |
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Definition
(1) Temperature. (2) Altitude. (3) Moisture. (4) Vibration. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the electrical resistance of conductors and temperature? |
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Definition
Conductor resistance increases with a temperature increase. |
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Term
| How does altitude affect the insulating quality of air? |
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Definition
The higher the altitude, the less insulation efficiency. |
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Term
| When vibration is a problem, what type of material is used as an insulator? |
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Definition
Resilient materials such as polychloroprene or silicone rubber. |
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Term
| What is the most important characteristic of an insulating material? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the resistance factor indicate in an insulator? |
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Definition
Amount of resistance offered to voltages on adjacent contacts. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of polarization in a connector? |
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Definition
Prevents mismatching or cross-plugging. |
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Term
| What are two purposes of connector moistureproofing? |
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Definition
Provides a moisture seal between connector and equipment, and between the insulator and shell. |
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Term
| How are the connectors held together in a cable-to-cable application? |
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Definition
| By locking screws or engaging screws. |
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Term
| What type of locking mechanisms are used in instrument panel applications? |
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Definition
| Engaging screws or engaging drive mechanisms. |
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Term
| What kind of protection is achieved with a one-piece resilient insulator? |
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Definition
Protection against moisture. |
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Term
| What is the advantage of C-ring retention with a one-piece insulator? |
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Definition
| Ensures contact alignment. |
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Term
Under what conditions would you require the use of nonremovable contacts? |
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Definition
| Requirements for full hermetic seal or large pressure differentials to prevent leakage. |
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Term
| How do you fasten a contact to a printed circuit board? |
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Definition
| Push the contact through a slot in the insulator and give it a quarter turn. |
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Term
| What type of contacts are used for radiofrequency circuits? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two methods do you use to attach wires to contacts? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Place the wire in a crimp pot on the end of a contact and compress the pot with a special tool. |
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Term
| What are the benefits of a multiple indenter crimping tool? |
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Definition
Great flexibility and a wider range of guage settings. |
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Term
| What factors give crimping an advantage over soldering? |
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Definition
Wire insertion easy to inspect, no temperature or cleanliness problems, and more portable. |
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Term
| What is the problem with crimping very fine wires? |
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Definition
| Wires can be reduced to their breaking point. |
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Term
State the purpose of a multimeter. |
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Definition
It allows measurement of voltage, current, and resistance. |
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Term
| How is a multimeter connected in a circuit to measure micramperes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is a multimeter used as a voltmeter in a curcuit? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using an ohmmeter to take a resistance reading, what preliminary precaution should you take? |
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Definition
| Ensure that all power is disconnected from the circuit being tested. |
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Term
| What is shunt conductance? |
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Definition
| The leakage at all points on a transmission path. |
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Term
| If you're given the choice between two station grounds, which one would you use? |
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Definition
The one with the lowest resistance to ground unless you can get lower circuit distortion and system noise on the other ground. |
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Term
| How can you determine if you have a problem with a specific cable pair or the entire cable? |
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Definition
Compare your readings with the readings that were recorded in the cable installation test and acceptance data found in the cable records. |
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Term
| Once you've identified a problem on a metallic-wire pair, what is the method you must use to isolate the problem? |
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Definition
Physically inspect the suspected part of the wire path until you locate the impairment. |
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