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UWYO Test 1 geo1100
review for test 1
47
Geology
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2009

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
metric conversion
Definition
1km = .6 mi
Term
# of stars per galaxy
Definition
10^11
Term
galaxies in universe
Definition
10^11
Term
Age of universe
Definition
14 Ga
Term
Hubble Constant
Definition
18km/sec per 106 light years, increase ain velocity away from us.
Term
Period of Nucleosynthesis
Definition
Building of atoms
Term
Universe composition
Definition
74% H 26% He
Term
age of the solar system
Definition
4.6 Ga
Term
lithophile
Definition
settle in the crust (think LHS of the periodic table)
Term
Chalcophile
Definition
ores, sulfides -> mantle
Term
Siderophile
Definition
"iron loving" -> core. second most abundant element (19%) to oxygen (49%).
Term
moon formation
Definition
3.2-4.0 Ga
Term
Water formation
Definition
10^21 kg of water on earth, need 10^6 comets in .5 Ga.
Term
mineral
Definition
homogeneous, natuarally occuring, solid substance with definable chemical composition and an ordered internal structure.
Term
Radius of the earth
Definition
6400KM
Term
Ways to identify a mineral
Definition
color, streak, luster, hardness, density, crystal habit, cleavage.
Term
Ionic bond
Definition
donating one electron to another.
NaCl
Term
Covalent bond
Definition
Shared electron, H_2
Term
Metalic bond
Definition
electrons shared over all atoms
Term
Van der Waals bond
Definition
electrostatic bonding
Term
specific gravity
Definition
ratio of density with respect to water.
Term
rock
Definition
coherent, naturally occuring solid, consisting of an aggregate of minerals or, less commonly, a mass of glass.
Term
Igneous v. Sedimentary v. Metamorphic
Definition
Fire - settling - recrystallization at higher pressure or temperature.
Term
felsic
Definition
light in color due to iron- silicate composition
Term
mafic
Definition
dark due to magnesium iron composition
Term
ultra mafic
Definition
little to no silicate present (olivine)
Term
Sill
Definition
volcanic intrusion parallel to rock bed
Term
dike
Definition
intrusion cutting across beds.
Term
pluton
Definition
intrusive igneous blob
Term
viscous
Definition
high viscosity = low flow. silicates are less flowing (more viscous).
Term
batholith
Definition
groups of plutons
Term
shield volcano
Definition
non-viscous, mafic rock (basalt)
Term
stratovolcano
Definition
Andesite, more viscous,
Term
Rhyolite dome
Definition
very viscous, (rhyolite)
Term
jointing
Definition
a form of weathering which causes cracks due to weather change
Term
soil
Definition
leftovers from weathering. composition depends on parent rock, time, and climate
Term
erosion
Definition
a process which carried weathered rock down wind or slope.
Term
diagenesis
Definition
turns sediment into sedimentary rock.
Term
clastic sediment
Definition
fragmented sediment.
Term
conglomerate
Definition
coarse gravel > 2mm
Term
sandstone
Definition
.0625 - 2mm in grain size
Term
mudstone
Definition
set = [siltstone, shale: siltstone > shale]
Term
dolostone
Definition
magnesian limestone, more resistant to erosion. based on dolomite mineral.
Term
chert
Definition
precipitate of a silica rich solution
Term
regolith
Definition
unconsilidated debris which covers bedrock
Term
lithification
Definition
loose sediment to solid rock.
Term
strata
Definition
layering of beds and bedding planes
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