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| The respiratory system is responsible for: |
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Definition
| supplying oxygen to the blood and expelling waste gases, of which carbon dioxide is the primary constituent, from the body. |
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| The upper structures of the respiratory system are combined with the: |
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Definition
| the sensory organs of smell and taste (in the nasal cavity and the mouth) and the digestive system (from the oral cavity to the pharynx). |
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| specialized respiratory organs diverge into the airway. |
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| The larynx, or voice box, is located at the: |
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Definition
| the head of the trachea, or windpipe. |
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| The trachea extends down to the: |
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Definition
| the bronchi which branch off at the tracheal bifurcation to enter the hilus of the left or right lung. |
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| The lungs contain the narrower passageways, or bronchioles, which carry air to the: |
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Definition
| the functional unit of the lungs, the alveoli. |
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| here, in the thousands of tiny alveolar chambers, oxygen is transferred through the membrane of the alveolar walls to the: |
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Definition
| the blood cells into the air in the alveoli, to be expelled upon exhalation. |
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| intermediate air passages within the lungs. |
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| The structure of the bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli |
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| a large thin muscle below the lungs. |
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| the lungs and protect them from friction against the wall of the thorax. |
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Term
| The pleura is formed of two layers: |
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Definition
| he visceral and parietal pleura - between which is lubricated by serous fluid. The parietal pleura is the exterior layer of this pulmonary pleural sac, which continues to the thorax wall, the mediastinal membrane, and the diaphragm muscle. |
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Term
| The fundamental purpose of breathing is |
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Definition
| is to supply oxygen (O2) to the tissue cells and to remove carbon dioxide (CO2). |
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Definition
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Definition
| takes place in the tissue cells |
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Definition
between roof of mouth and brain
heat and moisture |
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| passageway for foods, liquids and air |
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| passageways for food, and liquid to stomach |
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| is a passageway for air to and from lungs |
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Definition
| Leaf-shaped structure covering the entrance to the larynx. It prevents food or liquid entering the lungs when a person swallows |
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Definition
| 2 main air tubes which enter each lung |
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Definition
external respiration
bronchus subdivides into brachial tree
divides again and again getting smaller and smaller, the smallest called bronchioles
terminal bronchioles contain a whole cluster of air sacs known as alveoli (look like clusters of grapes) |
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Definition
| exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Definition
| The diaphragm is a muscular partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
-chemo-receptors measure levels of C02 in the blood
-medulla sends signal to spinal cord.
-spinal cord (C4)
-phrenic nerve carries signal to and inter coastal muscles
-diaphragm - chest wall (muscles contract)
-parietal pleura – portion of the pleura which extends from the lungs and covers the sides of the pericardium, chest wall and diaphragm. Chest out, diaphram down.
-visceral pleura – pleural lining surrounding the lungs
-negative pressure
-air rushes in
-muscles relax (weight of chest wall and abdomen)
-lung deflates (balloon effect)
-air rushes out |
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- increase resistance with depth
- density of gas increases resistance
- respiratory rate increases causing fatigue of respiratory muscles, overexertion and exhaustion
- the deeper the depth the greater the need for a lighter gas mixture |
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