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UWS-104AA-Anatomy
| UWS Physiology 104AA |
46
Sports
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2013

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Term
Physiology is:
Definition
the study of the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body
Term
Anatomy is:
Definition
the study of the organization and structure of the human body
Term
Skeletal System Functions:
Definition
-Support (framework for entire body)
-Protection (to protect such vital organs as the brain and heart
-Movement (serve as levers – actuated by attached muscles
-Storage (calcium and fat cells in reserve)
-Production (production of red blood cells)
Term
Classification of Bones:
Definition
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
Term
Long bones are:
Definition
long in relation to their width
Term
Short bones are:
Definition
blocks, cube shaped
Eg. Carpals (8) (wrist), tarsal bones (7) ankle
Term
Flat bones are:
Definition
a flat compact bone, the shape allowing for large area of muscle attachment
Eg. Skull, scapula
Term
Irregular Bones are
Definition
peculiar in shape (none of the other three categories)
Eg. Vertebrae, bones of the face
Term

[image]

Bone type?

Definition
Flat Bone
Term

[image]

Bone Type?

Definition
Irregular Bone
Term

[image]

Bone Type?

Definition
Short Bones
Term

[image]

Bone Type?

Definition
Long bone
Term
Number of True Ribs?
Definition
7
Term
Number of False Ribs?
Definition
5
Term
Why are False Ribs called False Ribs?
Definition
Because they do not attach primarily to the Sternum, but instead attach to other ribs losing stability.
Term
[image]
Definition
Cervical Curve, Cervical Vertebrae
Term
[image]
Definition
Lumbar Curve, Lumbar Vertebrae
Term
[image]
Definition
Sacral Curve, Sacrum, Coccygeal Vertebrae
Term
[image]
Definition
Thoratic Curve, Thoratic Vertebrae
Term
All physical functions involve muscle activity. Give four examples.
Definition
-Skeletal movement
-Heart contraction
-Blood vessels
-Gut – peristalsis
Term
The Muscular System - Origin:
Definition
the end of the muscle attached to a fixed structure or bone (anchor)
Term
The Muscular System - Insertion:
Definition
the other end of the muscle which is attached to a movable part
Term
List the 3 types of Muscle Tissue
Definition
-Skeletal muscle (striated)
-Cardiac muscle (striated appearance)
-Smooth muscle
Term
List Features of Skeletal muscle (striated)
Definition
-Voluntary (controlled by conscious thought from the brain)
-Causes movement of the skeleton
Term
List Features of Cardiac muscle
Definition
Involuntary (contracts under its own stimulation)
Term
List Features of Smooth muscle
Definition
-Involuntary (controlled by the autonomic nervous system)
-Digestive urinary tract, reproductive tract, respiratory, blood vessels
-Note: Internal organs referred to as viscera
Term
The nervous system of the human body is responsible for:
Definition
Sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses.All of the body’s muscles and organs rely upon these nerve impulses to function.
Term
What three systems work together to carry out the mission of the nervous system?
Definition
-the central,
-the peripheral
-the autonomic nervous systems.
Term
What is the central nervous system is responsible for?
Definition
issuing nerve impulses and analysing sensory data, and includes the brain and spinal cord.
Term
What is the peripheral nervous system is responsible for?
Definition
carrying nerve impulses to and from the body’s many structures, and includes the many cranio-spinal nerves which branch off from the brain and spinal cord.
Term
What is the autonomic nervous system is composed of
Definition
sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and is responsible for regulating and coordinating the functions of vital structures of the body.
Term
Of all the nervous system the _____ is the primary component, occupying the cranial cavity and making up about __% of the entire central nervous system.
Definition
Brain,97%
Term
The brain is connected to the?
Definition
upper end of the spinal cord (which connects through the foramen magnum of the skull)
Term
What is the brain responsible for?
Definition
issuing nerve impulses, processing nerve impulse data, and engaging in the higher order thought processes.
Term
The brain is divided into three parts:
Definition
-The large cerebrum
-The smaller cerebellum
-The brainstem leading to the spinal cord.
Term
The brainstem is divided into the?
Definition
-medulla oblongata
-midbrain
-pons.
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
List the three parts in Nerve Cells (Neuron.)
Definition
-Soma
-Dendrites
-Axon
Term
List Soma Characteristics
Definition
-The nerve cell body
-contains the nucleus
Term
List Dendrites Characteristics
Definition
-nerve cell typically has numerous dendrites
-receiving portion of the nerve cell
C serve important function of information collecting
-information is channelled toward the cell body (soma)
Term
List Axon Characteristics
Definition
-nerve cell has only one
-carries information away from cell body
-may travel long distances to reach its destination
Term
Define Action Potential, and its process.
Definition
-information in the form of tiny electrical impulses, carried by the axon.
-They travel from the cell body along the surface of the axon to their destination.
-When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, the information that it conveys is transferred to another cell by a chemical signal set in motion by the arrival of the nerve impulse.
Term
Define the Synapse, and its process.
Definition
-When axons reach their destinations, they typically branch into a number of fine collaterals that end in small swellings called synaptic terminals.
-information is transferred from one cell to another.
-This form of chemical communication also occurs between nerve cells and muscle cells, where the synapse is called the (neuromuscular junction.)
Term
How many cranial nerves are there?
Definition
12pairs
Term
The twelve pairs of cranial nerves serve what purpose?
Definition
The twelve pairs of cranial nerves serve the extremely important sensory and motor functions of the head and upper body.

For example, the optic nerves (cranial nerve #2) connect the retinas of the eyes to the brain. The facial nerves (cranial nerve #7) bring sensory information into the brain from the taste buds on the tongue and contain motor nerve fibres that control the muscles of facial expression.
Term
While you perform a rapid neuro exam on a diver, you are checking?
Definition
You are checking most of the function of the cranial nerves as well as some of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. If any abnormalities are found during the exam, the diver is considered to be suffering from TYPE 2 DCS, (Decompression Sickness inolving the central nervous system), and needs to be treated accordingly.
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