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Definition
| the study of the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body |
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| the study of the organization and structure of the human body |
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| Skeletal System Functions: |
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Definition
-Support (framework for entire body)
-Protection (to protect such vital organs as the brain and heart
-Movement (serve as levers – actuated by attached muscles
-Storage (calcium and fat cells in reserve)
-Production (production of red blood cells) |
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| Long, Short, Flat, Irregular |
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| long in relation to their width |
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blocks, cube shaped
Eg. Carpals (8) (wrist), tarsal bones (7) ankle |
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a flat compact bone, the shape allowing for large area of muscle attachment
Eg. Skull, scapula |
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peculiar in shape (none of the other three categories)
Eg. Vertebrae, bones of the face |
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| Why are False Ribs called False Ribs? |
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Definition
| Because they do not attach primarily to the Sternum, but instead attach to other ribs losing stability. |
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Definition
| Cervical Curve, Cervical Vertebrae |
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| Lumbar Curve, Lumbar Vertebrae |
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| Sacral Curve, Sacrum, Coccygeal Vertebrae |
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| Thoratic Curve, Thoratic Vertebrae |
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| All physical functions involve muscle activity. Give four examples. |
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Definition
-Skeletal movement
-Heart contraction
-Blood vessels
-Gut – peristalsis |
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| The Muscular System - Origin: |
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Definition
| the end of the muscle attached to a fixed structure or bone (anchor) |
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| The Muscular System - Insertion: |
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| the other end of the muscle which is attached to a movable part |
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| List the 3 types of Muscle Tissue |
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Definition
-Skeletal muscle (striated)
-Cardiac muscle (striated appearance)
-Smooth muscle |
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| List Features of Skeletal muscle (striated) |
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Definition
-Voluntary (controlled by conscious thought from the brain)
-Causes movement of the skeleton |
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| List Features of Cardiac muscle |
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Definition
| Involuntary (contracts under its own stimulation) |
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| List Features of Smooth muscle |
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Definition
-Involuntary (controlled by the autonomic nervous system)
-Digestive urinary tract, reproductive tract, respiratory, blood vessels
-Note: Internal organs referred to as viscera |
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| The nervous system of the human body is responsible for: |
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Definition
| Sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses.All of the body’s muscles and organs rely upon these nerve impulses to function. |
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| What three systems work together to carry out the mission of the nervous system? |
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Definition
-the central,
-the peripheral
-the autonomic nervous systems. |
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| What is the central nervous system is responsible for? |
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Definition
| issuing nerve impulses and analysing sensory data, and includes the brain and spinal cord. |
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| What is the peripheral nervous system is responsible for? |
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Definition
| carrying nerve impulses to and from the body’s many structures, and includes the many cranio-spinal nerves which branch off from the brain and spinal cord. |
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| What is the autonomic nervous system is composed of |
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| sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and is responsible for regulating and coordinating the functions of vital structures of the body. |
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| Of all the nervous system the _____ is the primary component, occupying the cranial cavity and making up about __% of the entire central nervous system. |
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Definition
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| The brain is connected to the? |
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Definition
| upper end of the spinal cord (which connects through the foramen magnum of the skull) |
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| What is the brain responsible for? |
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Definition
| issuing nerve impulses, processing nerve impulse data, and engaging in the higher order thought processes. |
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| The brain is divided into three parts: |
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Definition
-The large cerebrum
-The smaller cerebellum
-The brainstem leading to the spinal cord. |
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| The brainstem is divided into the? |
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Definition
-medulla oblongata
-midbrain
-pons. |
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| List the three parts in Nerve Cells (Neuron.) |
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| List Soma Characteristics |
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-The nerve cell body
-contains the nucleus |
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| List Dendrites Characteristics |
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-nerve cell typically has numerous dendrites
-receiving portion of the nerve cell
C serve important function of information collecting
-information is channelled toward the cell body (soma) |
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| List Axon Characteristics |
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-nerve cell has only one
-carries information away from cell body
-may travel long distances to reach its destination |
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| Define Action Potential, and its process. |
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Definition
-information in the form of tiny electrical impulses, carried by the axon.
-They travel from the cell body along the surface of the axon to their destination.
-When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, the information that it conveys is transferred to another cell by a chemical signal set in motion by the arrival of the nerve impulse. |
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| Define the Synapse, and its process. |
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Definition
-When axons reach their destinations, they typically branch into a number of fine collaterals that end in small swellings called synaptic terminals.
-information is transferred from one cell to another.
-This form of chemical communication also occurs between nerve cells and muscle cells, where the synapse is called the (neuromuscular junction.) |
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| How many cranial nerves are there? |
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Definition
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| The twelve pairs of cranial nerves serve what purpose? |
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Definition
The twelve pairs of cranial nerves serve the extremely important sensory and motor functions of the head and upper body.
For example, the optic nerves (cranial nerve #2) connect the retinas of the eyes to the brain. The facial nerves (cranial nerve #7) bring sensory information into the brain from the taste buds on the tongue and contain motor nerve fibres that control the muscles of facial expression. |
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| While you perform a rapid neuro exam on a diver, you are checking? |
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| You are checking most of the function of the cranial nerves as well as some of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. If any abnormalities are found during the exam, the diver is considered to be suffering from TYPE 2 DCS, (Decompression Sickness inolving the central nervous system), and needs to be treated accordingly. |
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