Term
| What are the confidence intervals associated with the ranges 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations from the mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who gets a right ventricular mi |
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Definition
| 30-50% of pts with an inferior MI |
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Term
| complications of right ventricular MI, tx? |
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Definition
| cardiogenic shock after administration of nitrates esp. tx with IVF to inc preload |
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Term
| signs of vertibrobasilar insuff |
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Definition
| vertigo, dysarthria, diplopia, numbness |
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Term
| causes of vertebrobasillar insuff |
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Definition
| emboli/thrombi or arterial dissection |
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Term
| when do ppl get labyrinthitis and what are the signs |
|
Definition
s/p viral infection, trauma or a med
vertigo, tinnitus, nausea |
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Term
| rules for warfarin use in pregnancy |
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Definition
| use LMWH instead during first Tri and in the predelivery period |
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Term
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Definition
| pruritis on abdo, followed by pruritic vesicles and papules surrounding umbilicus, likely autoimmune in etiology NOT viral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hook like osteophytes seen on XR in painful joints |
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Definition
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Term
| what does cutaneous Cryptococcus look like |
|
Definition
| umbilicated papules with hemorrhagic crusts |
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Term
| test for cutaneous cryptococcus |
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Definition
| biopsy shows multinuc giant cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells etc |
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Term
| stain for cutaneous cryptococcus |
|
Definition
periodic acid Schiff
gomori silver nitrate |
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Term
| ttriad of tuberous sclerosis |
|
Definition
| ash leaf spots, sz, hamartomas |
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Term
| most common cause of death in tuberous sclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
| test for tuberus sclerosis |
|
Definition
| always do EEG first, then check for TSC-1 gene |
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Term
| imaging issue with subarachnoid hemorrhage, sol'n? |
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Definition
| SAH will only be seen on non-contrast CT if done 6-12 hours within sx onset. if after that, you have to do an LP |
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Term
| treatment for erectile dysfunction in DM |
|
Definition
| PDE inhibitor like sildenfinil |
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|
Term
| treatment for erectile dysfunction in DM |
|
Definition
| PDE inhibitor like sildenfinil |
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Term
| problem with treating erectile dyfunction and BPH |
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Definition
| PDE inhibitors when given at same time as alpha blockers like terazosin will cause hypotension. so you have to give them 4 hours apart |
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Term
| EKG changes with further increasing potassium |
|
Definition
| peaked T, no P wave, sine wave wide complex EKG |
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|
Term
| when do you treat hyperK with EKG changes, how? |
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Definition
when there are changes beyond peaked T waves.
Calcium gluconate first then either glucagon+insulin or Beta blocker |
|
|
Term
| when do you treat hyperK with EKG changes, how? |
|
Definition
when there are changes beyond peaked T waves.
Calcium gluconate first then either glucagon+insulin or Beta blocker |
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|
Term
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Definition
| most cause hypokalemia, except for Potassium sparing diuretics that can cause hypokalemia (spironolactone, traimterein, amiloride) |
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|
Term
| what other drugs cause hyperkalemia (besides the potassium sparing diuretics) |
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Definition
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Term
| eval pre stimulant adhd tx |
|
Definition
| cardiac hx and PE, height weight vitals |
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|
Term
| next step if no improvement on methylphenidate for adhd |
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Definition
|
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Term
| which CCB make worse edema |
|
Definition
| dihydrooyridine (amlo, nifedipine) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
A= inpt/hospice/skilled nursing
B= outpt/obs
C= private insurance advantage
D= Rx |
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Term
| drugs that cause lupus rxn |
|
Definition
| hydralazine, minocycline, TNFalpha block (etenercept/inflixamib), procainamide |
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Term
|
Definition
| pleural effusion, arthritis, night sweat, fatigue |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| manage bleeding in subchorionic hemorrhage in preggo |
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Definition
| no tx, just rpt u/s in one week |
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|
Term
| when do you do TIPS in pt with esophageal varicies? |
|
Definition
| s/p 2 failed endoscopy with banding procedure |
|
|
Term
| when/what meds do you use in esophageal varicies |
|
Definition
octreotide can be used while you are doing endoscopy or tips (acute)
non selective BB used in prevention |
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|
Term
| causes of bloody nipple discharge |
|
Definition
papilloma
invasive intraductal carcinoma
ALWYS do mammo |
|
|
Term
| what lab valued determine mortality in end stage liver failure in the MELD equation. What is MELD equation used to determine? |
|
Definition
bili, INR, Cr
when do do Tips procedure |
|
|
Term
| what lab valued determine mortality in end stage liver failure in the MELD equation. What is MELD equation used to determine? |
|
Definition
bili, INR, Cr
when do do Tips procedure |
|
|
Term
| alt meds that cause inc bleeding |
|
Definition
| ginseng, ginko, ginger, black cohash, saw palmetto |
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|
Term
| dx test for ankylosing spondylithosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| monitor pts with ankylos spondy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| systemic symptoms of ankylosing spondy |
|
Definition
| uveitis, aortic regurg, pulm fib, iga nephron, colon ulcers, |
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|
Term
| unclear u/s in suspected cholecystectomy. what do you do next |
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Definition
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|
Term
| when may you see Mallory Weiss tear in non-alcoholic? what direction is the tear? |
|
Definition
someone with hiatal hernia
vertical |
|
|
Term
| biggest side effect of TURP |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| treatment of Cryptococcus meningitis |
|
Definition
amphotericin B & flucystine IV
then if improvement you can switch to fluconazole |
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Term
| transverse vaginal septum vs imperforate hymen |
|
Definition
| both will have hematoculpos (suprapubic mass 2/2 blood filled uterus) but imperforate hymen will also have a bulging mass between the labia, transverse septum is too high to see on genital exam |
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Term
|
Definition
| deep seated mass often in trunk or proximal limb +- pain |
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|
Term
| desmoid tumors and cancer |
|
Definition
desmoid tumors more common in familial adenomatosis polyposis.
desmoid tumors have a high rate of recourrance though they aren't cancers themselves |
|
|
Term
| best way to evaluate a desmoid tumor |
|
Definition
| ct/mri early on to determine extensiveness of lesion |
|
|
Term
| features of oropharyngeal dysphagia vs esophageal dysphagea |
|
Definition
oropharyngeal: cough, drool, difficulty with initiating swallow, may have ear pain
esophageal: delayed sensation of food sticking in chest |
|
|
Term
| sub categories of oropharyngeal dysphagia |
|
Definition
neuromuscular oropharyngeal dysphagia: solids and liquids at onset
mechanical obstruction oropharyngeal dysphagia: solids at onset then liquids |
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|
Term
| initial imaging in either oropharyngeal dysphagia vs esophageal dysphagia |
|
Definition
nasopharngeal laryngoscopy
vs egd for esophageal |
|
|
Term
| common complication of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and tx |
|
Definition
| increased ICP bc the capsule of the fungus causes a spinal fluid outflow obstruction which can be treated with therapeutic LP |
|
|
Term
| squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus vs adeno risk factors |
|
Definition
squam: etoh + cigs
adeno: gerd |
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|
Term
| Addisons' disease pathogensis |
|
Definition
| adrenal insufficiency and a secondary INCREASE in ACTH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weight loss, brown spots, abd pain, weakness
LOW sodium, HIGH potassium
HYPERCHLOREMIC metabolic ACIDOSIS |
|
|
Term
| what test do you do if suspicious for addisons disease |
|
Definition
give 250micrograms of cosyntropin (ACTH like hormone) then measure cortisol and acth after
-if after giving cosyntropin the ACTH is high and the cortisol is low then they have primary adrenal insuff |
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|
Term
| med tx for chronic prostatitis |
|
Definition
levo/cipro
Bactrim
these penetrate prostate better |
|
|
Term
| pancoast tumor progression of cns sx |
|
Definition
invasion of the paravertebral chain causes horners syndrome with pupil asymmetry
invastion of the spinal cord (emergency) causes asymettrical lower extremity dtr |
|
|
Term
meds that cause c diff
what does c diff look like on scope |
|
Definition
clinda and cipro
yellow raised plaques |
|
|
Term
| features of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
1. new pulmo infiltrate on cxr
2. fever
3. hypoxemia, CP, SOB |
|
|
Term
most common cause of acute chest syndrome
tx? |
|
Definition
bact infection
CTX and azithromycin and Pain control |
|
|
Term
| first line management of PEA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cause of acute hemolytic transfusion rxn
symptoms?
management? |
|
Definition
ABO incompatibility
flank pain, fever, chills, HgBuria
stop blood, give IVF instead |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| negative c diff tox A&B but still high susp for c diff....next step |
|
Definition
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