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| a theory by Durkheim. A sickness/normlessness in the social body. An effect of confusion between material relations & social norms. |
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| The most intense learning period in which people learn to become members of society. Occurs from birth-age 12 (adolescence). Family is the most important agency of this process. |
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| a "recipricol" and ongoing process in which people are socialized thoughout their entire lives, for instance after marriage or starting a new job. |
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| Anticipatory Socialization |
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| mental preparation for future roles & responsibilities. For instance, a university student is knowingly acquiring the necessary academic skills for future employment. |
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| Occurs when a person is facing a situation in which they can't rely on past experience to determine how to act now. examples: after the sudden death of a loved one, after becoming paralyzed in a car accident, after being in jail for long periods |
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| an idea of George Hebert Mead. "The Social Self"- how the an individual's social self develops during social interaction |
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| 1/2 of Mead's Social Self theory. This half is the spontaneous, impulsive, creative part of the social self. |
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| 1/2 of Mead's Social Self theory. This is the socialized element of the social self that is concerned about how you will be perceived. |
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| a theory of Talcott Pearsons. The theoretical approach that stresses order, concencus and social stability of society as a whole. Everything is the way it is for the better of all of society. ex, a garbage man has that career because that's the profession in which they are best able to serve society. |
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| theory of Sigmund Freud describing three structures of the mind: the Id, the Ego and the Superego |
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| The structure of the mind full of desires and wants. |
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| The rational mediating structure of the mind. Mediates between the id and the superego. Tames the id by rationally satisfying desires. |
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| The structure of the mind that is controlling, constraining and strict. Concerned with other's perceptions- this is the part that interacts in the social world. |
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| a systematic effort to link concepts with hard, empirical evidence. |
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Emile Durkheim's theory of how larger social structures influence individual behavior. Focuses on rates of issues such as suicide rather than individual cases. This theory states that social issues can be explained based on the understanding of social facts that are relevant to the situation.
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| Max Weber's theory that is based on data in the form of observation and interviews. Pays close attention to the cultural meanings held by actors- focuses on how the person defines the situation in which they act. |
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A term by Weber: analytic tools designed to aid in the analysis of complicated social life.They are abstractions and not intended to correspond directly to lived experiences. For example, high school groups or types of musicians.
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| The german verb "to understand". Marx believed that one needs to have an empathetic understanding of a culture before studying it. |
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| Historical-Comparitive Theory |
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Karl Marx is the key sociologist to this theory, which stresses how societies evolve in particular ways based on that area's specific history (i.e a city, region or nation). Uses events from the past to help predict and explain present events.
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(Marxist theory)
The ideas and perspectives held by the capitalist class or other powerful groups in society.
Marx believed that our every thought is being shaped to maximize and support capitalism/the dominant ideology. |
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| Adnordo and Horkheimer's belief that the culture industry/mass media has one purpose: to reproduce the values of capitalist culture. They refer to the media as a superstructure. |
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| part of the Culture Industry thesis; the idea that there is simultaneously NOTHING NEW yet always SOMETHING NEW (everything is being standardized by the mass media to appear new and fresh). |
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| part of the culture industry thesis; the idea that our culture is 'predigested' for us and that individualism is merely an illusion. |
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| part of the culture industry thesis; the idea that critisism becomes absorbed by the media and then part of the industry. ie, alternative music has now become a trend. |
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| one of the 3 main research methods. a set of questions systematically given to a random selection of people. |
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| one of the 3 main research techniques. an example of this is in-depth interviews which are highly structured and recorded. |
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| Analysis of Existing Data |
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| one of the 3 main research methods. an example of this method is secondary data analysis- the analysis of pre-existing official statistics. |
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| A division of socieyt removed from mainstream culture. It differs from existing norms and is unofficial. |
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| a division of culture that strongly opposes and tries to affect the mainstream culture; examples include terrorists, feminists |
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| This sociologist's theory is "Identity & Consumer Society" and argues that individuality is the new conformity, and that everyone wants to be special and out of the ordinary. |
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| this term describes a status characteristic that overrides other characteristics. For example: if a person is a murderer, that status will become how they are known to society. |
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| difficulty meeting given role demands |
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| when multiple roles in a person's life are not easily compatible with each other |
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| managing time needed for each role. |
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| the "typical" family; a husband, wife and their kids |
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| the family that you were born into |
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| the family that you produce (your partner & children) |
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| multiple generations of family living with their spouses or children |
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| Standard North American Family |
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| the ability to relate a personal experience to a bigger, worldly perspective |
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| the sociologist who penned the term "Sociological Imagination" |
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| a marxist theory; looking at the power and inequality struggles between the bourgeoise and the working class. Stresses the importance of status. |
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