Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the recommended minimum SPF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does broad spectrum mean? |
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Definition
| Protects against UVA & UVB rays |
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Term
| Keep babies under ___ year of age out of direct sunlight |
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Definition
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Term
| How long before going outside should sunscreen be applied? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should be used to protect the mouth from UVR? |
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Definition
| Lip balm with at least SPF 30 |
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Term
| How often should sunscreen be applied? |
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Definition
| Every 2 hours or after water sports, sweating, or towelling off |
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Term
| How often should SPF lip balm be re-applied? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma stand for? |
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Definition
A = asymmetry
B = border
C = Colour
D = Diameter
E = Evolution |
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Term
| Describe what the "b" in the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma means. |
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Definition
| Look for a spot that has an border or visible edge that is irregular, ragged and imprecise |
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Term
| Where does melanoma commonly appear in lighter skinned people? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does melanoma commonly appear in darker skinned people? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe what the "c" in the ABCDEs of malignant melanoma means. |
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Definition
| Look for a spot that has colour variation with brown, black, red, grey or white within the lesion |
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Term
| Describe with the "d" in the ABCDEs of melanoma means |
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Definition
| Diameter growth is typical of melanoma. It is usually >6 mm, although can be less |
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Term
| Describe what the "e" in the ABCDEs of melanoma means |
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Definition
| Look for change in colour, size, shape, or symptom (i.e. itching, tenderness or bleeding) |
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Term
| Describe the difference between chemical & physical sunscreens and give examples of each |
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Definition
| Chemical sunscreens such as PABA and cinnamates absorb UVR and convert it into heat energy, while physical sunscreens such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide deflects & scatters UVR before it penetrates the skin |
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Term
| How much UVR does SPF 30 filter out? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are good sunscreen options for children? |
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Definition
| Physical sunscreens, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. PABA and oxybenzone tend to irritate children's sensitive skin. |
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Term
| What should someone with sensitive skin look for or avoid in sunscreens? |
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Definition
Avoid: preservatives or fragrances, products made with PABA, oxybenzone or alcohol.
Look for: physical sunscreens, products made with salicylates and ecamsule. |
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Term
| What should someone with acne-prone skin look for or avoid in sunscreens? |
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Definition
Avoid: preservatives or fragrances; PABA or oxybenzone; greasy formulas or creams
Look for: physical sunscreens; salicylates or ecamsule; gel formulas; ensulizole (lighter, less oily consistency than over physical sunscreens) |
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Term
| What is the correct amount of sunscreen to be applied? |
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Definition
| Enough to GENEROUSLY coat all skin that will not be covered by clothing; in general one ounce (enough to fill a shot glass) |
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Term
| Discuss some of the key differences between UVA & UVB rays |
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Definition
UVA rays can prematurely age skin and can pass through window glass
UVB rays are the primary cause of sunburn and cannot pass through window glass |
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Term
| Is a high-numbered SPF better than a lower-numbered one? |
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Definition
| Dermatologists recommend using a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, which blocks 97% of the sun’s rays. Higher number SPFs block slightly more of the sun’s rays but no sunscreen can block 100% of the sun’s rays. High-number SPFs last the same amount of time as low-number SPFs. |
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Term
| Name some of the medications that may cause sun sensitivity |
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Definition
| Antibiotics (tetracycline & sulfa drugs), diuretics, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, antidiabetics, and acne medications containing vitamin A or its derivatives |
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Term
| Call your healthcare provider about using sunscreen on an infant less than ___ months of age |
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Definition
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Term
| Up to ___ % of UV rays can penetrate haze, light clouds, and fog. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered a low UV index? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered a moderate UV index? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered a high UV index? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered a very high UV index? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered an extreme UV index? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It's a simple measure of the intensity of the sun's UV rays |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of invisible, high-energy light |
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Term
| When should I look for the UV index? |
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Definition
| Every day, especially from May to September |
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Term
| What causes UV index variances? |
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Definition
| Things like seasonal changes in the angle of incoming sunlight, daily changes in the ozone layer and cloudiness |
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Term
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Definition
| SPF refers to how well a product blocks UV rays. It is a comparison between how long someone can be out in the sun unprotected before burning vs. how long they can be in the sun with protection before burning. For example, if someone would usually sunburn after 5 minutes of unprotected UV exposure, then an SPF 30 sunscreen would theoretically protect them from a burn for about 150 minutes. |
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Term
| When using both sunscreen and insect repellent, how should the 2 products be applied? |
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Definition
| Apply sunscreen 20 minutes before insect repellent. Do not use combination sunscreen + repellent products. |
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Term
| Why aren't combination sunscreen-insect repellent products recommended? |
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Definition
| Sunscreen may need to be reapplied more often and in larger amounts than needed for the repellent component to provide protection from biting insects |
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Term
| Limited data show a ____ decrease in the SPF of sunscreens when DEET-containing insect repellents are used after sunscreen is applied |
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Definition
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Term
| What should be considered when using a spray sunscreen? |
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Definition
Never spray sunscreen around or near the face or mouth; spray into hands then apply.
When applying on children, be aware of wind direction to avoid inhalation. |
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Term
| What would the statement "water or sweat resistant up to 80 minutes" mean? |
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Definition
| Product has been tested to maintain effectiveness after 80 minutes of water immersion |
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Term
| Studies show that most people apply only ___ ___ to one-half of the amount of sunscreen that was used in determined the SPF of the product |
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Definition
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Term
| Do aerosol sunscreens need to be rubbed in? |
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Definition
| Yes (to ensure even coverage) |
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Term
| What percentage of Canadians over age 65 have had some form of skin cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of skin aging is due to UVR? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is a cancer of melanocytes, which are cells that produce produce melanin, the pigment that is primarily responsible for giving skin its colour. When skin is exposed to UV light, melanocytes make more melanin. Since most melanocytes are found in the deepest part of the epidermis (top layer of your skin) melanoma of the skin is the most common. |
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Term
| ___ rates are high if melanoma is detected early |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides melanoma, list other skin cancers and lesions that UVR exposure can cause |
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Definition
| Basal and squamous cell cancer (carcinomas), actinic keratosis, and dysplastic nevi (abnormal moles) |
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Term
| Describe basal cell cancer (basal cell carcinomas) |
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Definition
- Abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in basal cells, which line deepest layer of epidermis (outermost layer of skin)
- Ofen look like open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps, or scars
- Usually caused by combination of cumulative and intense, occasional sun exposure
- Almost never metastasizes
- Though not usually life-threatening, can be disfigured if not treated properly
- Most common form of skin cancer
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Term
| Describe squamous cell skin cancer (squamous cell carcinomas) |
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Definition
- Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in squamous cells which compose most of skin’s upper layers (the epidermis)
- Often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths with a central depression, or warts; may crust or bleed
- Can become disfiguring and sometimes deadly if allowed to grow
- Most common in areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as rim of the ear, lower lip, face, balding scalp, neck, hands, arms and legs
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Term
What are all of these images examples of?
[image][image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all of these images examples of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Premature aging of the skin caused by repeated exposure to UVR |
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Term
| Is photoaging different than chronological aging? |
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Definition
| Yes - the damaging effects of UVR alter the normal structure of the skin |
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Term
| Name at least 5 signs of photoaging |
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Definition
- Fine wrinkles around eyes & mouth; frown lines around forehead
- Spider veins on nose, cheeks, and neck
- Pigmented spots, such as freckles, solar lentigines (a.k.a 'age' or 'liver spots'), and an uneven skin colour
- General loss of skin tone in sun-exposed areas
- Taut lips that start to lose colour & fullness
- Leathery, sagging skin
- Skin on sun-exposed sites may bruise easier
- Red, rough scaly spots [called actinic (sun related) keratoses]
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Term
| Explain how UVR effects the skin |
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Definition
| The skin can repair many of the mutations caused by UV but if the damage is too great, the affected cells may die. Alternatively, the damage in the skin is often not repaired perfectly and mutations occur. This results in premature aging, the formation of actinic keratoses or pre-cancers, and skin cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
- Responsible for immediate tanning effect
- Go into deeper layers of skin to contribute to skin aging & may enhance development of skin cancer
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Term
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Definition
- Go through outer layer of skin
- Responsible for a delayed tan, sunburn, most skin cancers, and cataracts
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Term
| How can photoaging be prevented? |
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Definition
The best way to avoid photoaging is to have a good sun protection regimen.
Since sun damage is cumulative, it's never too late to start. |
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Term
| Explain the Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification system |
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Definition
- Based on a person’s reaction to sun exposure at the beginning of the spring season
- Helpful to identify risk based on skin type and reaction when in the sun
- Ranges from very fair (skin type I) to very dark (skin type VI)
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Term
| Name the 3 main factors that influence skin type |
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Definition
- Genetic disposition
- Reaction to sun exposure
- Tanning habits
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Term
| Briefly describe all 6 Fitzpartick skin types |
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Definition
Though everyone is at risk for damage as a result of excessive sun exposure, people with skin types I and II are at the highest risk and are most susceptible to photoaging.
| Type I |
Always burns, never tans |
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| Type II |
Usually burns, then tans |
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| Type III |
May burn, tans well |
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| Type IV |
Rarely burns, tans well |
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| Type V |
Very rarely burns, tans well, brown skin |
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| Type VI |
Very rarely burns, tans well, very dark skin |
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Term
| List the 3 types of sunlight that are most likely to injure the eye |
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Definition
- UVR
- Bright or intense light
- Blue light (i.e. glare of light reflecting off snow or water)
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Term
| Why are the eyes at greater risk of damage from UVR than other kinds of light? |
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Definition
| UVR carries more energy than visible light rays |
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Term
| Most of the damage caused to eyes by UVB and UVA rays happens over a ___ period of time and cannot be ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how light damages eyes |
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Definition
| All light is a form of energy. When your eyes absorb light, the process creates heat or chemical reactions in eye tissue. These reactions can cause permanent damage if the eye’s natural ability to heal itself is overwhelmed. |
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Term
| Describe how different parts of the eye absorb different kinds of UVR |
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Definition
- Surface layers of outer part of eyeball (cornea & conjunctiva) absorb UVB rays
- Lens absorbs mainly UVA rays
- Retina (light-sensitive lining at back of inner eyeball) absorbs visible light.
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Term
| If you spend a lot of time outdoors in intense glare from sunlight bouncing off snow or water, you should wear sunglasses that block ___ light |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of lens will filter out most blue light? |
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Definition
| Medium to dark lenses with a grey, or a slightly brown or green tint |
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Term
| ___ lenses are designed to cut glare due to reflection |
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Definition
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