Term
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Definition
| 1. ligand binds receptor 2. a-subunit is phosphorylated to GTP 3. a-subunit activates Adenylate Cyclase 4. cAMP is activated 5. cAMP activates PKA 6. PKA activates CREB in the nucleus 7. CREB binds DNA |
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Term
| Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Steps: |
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Definition
| 1. Ligand binds making Dimer. 2. Jak's binds the kinase domain. 3. Jak's autophosphorylate each other 4. Stat's bind and are phosphorylated. 5. Stat's dissociate and dimerize and go to nucleus. |
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Term
| Inositol Phosphatide Pathway Split: |
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Definition
| Either release of inositol triphophate off of Diacylglycerol activating Diacylglycerol OR inositol triphosphate opens Ca++ channel in the ER and causes Ca++ release |
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Term
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Definition
| Actin Binding Proteins. Link actin to the Plasma membrane. ERM is an example. |
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Term
| EGF receptors are what type of kinase? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| EGF Proliferation Pathway: |
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Definition
| SOS-RAS-RAF Pathway (RAS is constitutive in cancer) grb-SOS-RAS-RAF-MAP Kinases |
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Term
| EGFR kinase domain sites: |
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Definition
SH1: Catalytic site
SH2: Specificity site (binds phosphotyrosine and AA side chain)
SH3: binds Pro rich sequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural Protein of sarcomere in muscles. Senses mechanical load. Has Ser/Thr Kinase domain. |
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Term
| Order of Cyclins from G0 to S: |
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Definition
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Term
| S-Phase Restriction Point: |
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Definition
| Phosphorylation of pRB by Cyclin D1/Cdk |
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Term
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Definition
Cohesins: keep sister chromatids bound together
Condensins: condense sister chromatids into chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bcl-2 is elevated, prolonging cell life, allowing cells to turn to cancerous. B-Lymphocytes. (Because Bcl-2 prevents Apoptosis) |
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Term
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Definition
Commitment to re-enter cell cycle.
Cyclin-D1 regulates it. |
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Term
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Definition
Commitment to DNA Synth.
RB/E2F regulates it. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cell Cycle Clock is regulated by: |
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Definition
| Cyclin (and cyclin dependent kinases) |
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Term
| Mitotic Spindles cannot access nucleus until... |
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Definition
| CDC25 dephosphorylates cdk/Cyclin B which then breaks down the nuclear envelope. |
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Term
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Definition
Checkpoint for entering Anaphase. Degrades Cyclin B. Cleaves Securin (turns on Separase which degrades Cohesins)
"APC is lost in FAC" |
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Term
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Definition
Sensor protein that is constnatly synth'd and degraded.
Causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Tumor Suppressor Gene. |
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Term
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Definition
APC inhibits B-Catenin which upregulates the cyclins (causing cell proliferation)
APC is a tumor suppressor.
"APC is lost in FAC" |
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Term
| cAMP Pathway key regulatory enzyme: |
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Definition
| Phosphodiesterase - degrades cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
| A Tyrosine Kinase w/out the ligand binding domain. Constitutively active and considered an oncogene. |
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Term
| Inositol Phosphatide Pathway Steps: |
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Definition
| 1. lingand binds receptor 2. Gq protein is phosphorylated to GTP 3. Phospholipase C is activated 4. Path splits to IP3 or DAG. IP3 releases Ca++ from ER. DAG activates Protein Kinase C on membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| CDK inhibitor. Very low in cancers. Sets threshold of CDK required to enter S-phase. Aging increases p16 concentration. |
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Term
Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm:
Malignant Mesenchymal Neoplasm:
Malignant Hematopoietic cells:
Malignant Hematopoietic cells circulating: |
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Definition
Carcinoma.
Sarcoma.
Lymphoma.
Leukemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to mitochondria dysfunction. Cytochrome-C is released, binds Apaf-1, activates Procaspase-9 |
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Term
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Definition
| Killer Lymphocyte w/FAS binds FAS receptor. Activates Procaspase-8. |
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Term
| Progression of cancer in patients w/ FAP |
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Definition
| 1. Loss of APC 2. Mutation in RAS 3. Mutation in p53 |
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