Term
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Definition
replication regulators: tat, rev
3 Structural genes: gag, pol, env
gag-nucelcapsid proteins - p24, p7
pol- reverse transcriptase
env- envelope glycoproteins- gp160 -> gp120, gp41
gp120- BINDS to membrane proteins of host CD4 T cells
gp41- FUSION with target cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Intracellular pathogen; Has cell wall but NO peptidoglycan; Not visible on Gram stain; Does have genes for peptidoglycan syn but does not have peptidoglycan in cell wall. Drugs that target cell wall are NOT effective (ceftriaxone); tx: Azithromycin |
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Term
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Definition
Recent infection with:
Viral Esophagitis & Pneumocystis pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Gram-, Oxdase+, comma-shape, Grows in Alkaline media
MOA: activates Gs -> Inc cAMP -> NaCl go out of cell -> draw water out of cell -> rice-water diarrhea
stool microscopy: mucous & epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
major cause of BLOODY diarrhea in children
G-, Oxidase+, Comma-shape, like 42C (hot)
can cause: Guillain Barre syndrome |
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Term
Live attenuated Viral Vaccines
cell-mediated immunity |
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Definition
| Smallpox, Yellow fever, Chicken pox (VZV), Sabin's polio virus (secretory IgA-intestine/oral), MMR, Intranasal flu |
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Term
Killed/Inactivated Viral vaccines
Humoral immunity only |
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Definition
| Cholera, Rabies, Influenza(IM), Salk Polio(IM), HAV |
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Term
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Definition
Cruise ships, hotel stay, contaminated water
High fever with bradycardia; Headache & confusion; Watery diarrhea, Hyponatremia, Sputum G stain has Neutrophile but no/few microbes |
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Term
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Definition
Usually from Aspiration
Alcoholics, Seizures (psych pts), loss of consciousness
Fusobacterium, Bacteriodes, Peptostreptococcus |
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Term
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Definition
immature squamous cell with dense, irregular staining cytoplasm and perinuclear clearing resulting in halo. undulating nuclear membrane & pyknotic (condensed chromatin)
HPV- dsDNA non-enveloped, icosahedral |
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Term
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Definition
Kills latent Hypnotrozites that lay latent in liver cells
malaria
completely eradicates malaria infection & latent malaria too |
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Term
Encapsulated Bacteria
High risk for infection in asplenic pts |
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Definition
Positive Quelling rxn: capsular swelling
Even Some Killers Have Pretty Nice CapsuleSSb: E.Coli, Strep pneumo, Klebsiella, H.influenzae, Pseudomonas, N.meningitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Salmonella, Group B Strep |
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Term
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Definition
caused by H. influenzae type b
immunogenic capsule made of ribose-ribitol-phosphate (PRP)
immunizations against polysaccharide capsule |
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Term
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Definition
Enterotoxin- Toxin A: mucosal inflammation; neutrophil chemoattractant; causes diarrhea
Cytotoxin- Toxin B: disrupts actin polymerization, disrupts cytoskeleton |
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Term
| Congenital toxoplasmosis Sx |
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Definition
Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis (white-yellow chorio-retinal lesions)
in-utero transplacental transmission during first 6 mos |
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Term
| Where is rRNA, mRNA, tRNA & ribosomes made? |
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Definition
rRNA- nucleolous
mRNA & tRNA- nucleoplasm
ribosomes- nucleus |
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Term
Autoantibodies - FA235
Know all of these!!! |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pts have circulating Ab to IgA. Can become symptomatic if receive blood transfusion - anaphylaxis
often have recurrent sinopulmonary infections/diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat labile toxins, heat stable toxins, Type 1 pii |
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Term
E. Coli that cause UTI
virulence factors |
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Definition
P pili
UTI = pee pee = p pili |
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Term
| Struvite Kidney stone (Mg, Ammonium, Phosphate) |
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Definition
| proteus mirabilis infection |
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Term
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Definition
infection from blood catheter
G+, Catalase+, white colonies on Mannitol salt agar, Gamma-hemolytic on sheep blood agar |
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Term
| Antibiotics that can cause C. diff infections: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Metronidazole or Vancomycin
these do not cause C. diff infection |
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Term
| Chronic renal transplant rejection |
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Definition
| intimal fibrosis in the vessels with fibrosis and tubular atrophy in renal interstitium |
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Term
| Group A Strep = Strep pyogenes |
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Definition
| Gram+, Cocci, Catalase-, B-hemolysis, Bacitracin sensitive |
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Term
| Group B strep = S. agalactiae |
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Definition
| Gram+, Cocci, Catalase-, B-hemolysis, Bacitracin resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram+, Cocci, Catalase-, a-hemolysis, capsule (+quelling), Bile soluble (do NOT grow in bile), Optochin sensitive |
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Term
| Strep viridans (S. mutans) |
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Definition
| Gram+, Cocci, Catalase-, a-hemolysis (green), No capsule, Optochin resistant, Insoluble in bile (grows in bile) |
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Term
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Definition
| Clostridium (anaerobe), Listeria, Bacillus (aerobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram- (pink), cocci, Maltose fermenter, Bean shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram- (pink), cocci, Maltose Non-fermenter, Bean -shaped; tx: Cetriaxone |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram- (pink), Oxidase+, comma shaped, grows in ALKALINE media |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram- (pink), Oxidase+, comma shaped, Grows at 42deg |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram-, Rods, Fast Lactose fermenter |
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Term
| Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus |
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Definition
| Gram-, Rods, Lactose Non-fermenter, Oxidase- |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram-, Rods, Lactose Non-fermenter, Oxidase+ |
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Term
| Bordatella pertussis & H. Influenzae |
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Definition
Gram-, Coccoid rods
H. influenzae- requires factors 5 & 10 |
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Term
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Definition
| endogenous pyrogen, stimulates T cells to secrete IL-2, chemotactic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, inc expression of ICAMs on endothelial cells, activates macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates stem cells to produce hematopoietic cells
multilineage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
| prod by Th2 cells & mast cells, induces cells to express MHC2 Ag, stimulates B cell proliferation, helps Ig class swtiching to IgG & IgE |
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Term
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Definition
| class switching to IgA and eosinophil growth and activation |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram+, Pleomorphic rod, motile at room temp, unpasteurized milk |
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Term
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Definition
| EBV; checks if pt's RBC agglutinate with Sheep/horse/goat/animal Ab; If they do not agglutinate then its negative |
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Term
| Mononucleosis like Sx with Neg Heterophile tests (Neg monospot test) |
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Definition
CMV (HHV-6), Toxoplasmosis
Fever, myalgia, malasie, +/-splenomegaly |
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Term
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Definition
| MOA: attacks rRNA polymerase, Revs up cytochrome p450 (inducer), Red secretions |
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Term
| where is rRNA, tRNA, mRNA, ribosome syn in cell? |
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Definition
rRNA- syn in nucleolous
tRNA, mRNA - syn in nucleoplasm
ribosome- syn in nucleus |
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Term
| Bordatella (anthracis or pertussis) |
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Definition
| Black eschar; herd animals (llamas, sheep), edema factor EXOtoxin: Extracellular adenylate cyclase- enters eukaryotic cells and causes INC in cAMP --> causing neutrophil dysfunction --> edema! |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Gonorrhea or 2. Chlamydia. Best to treat for both; Gonorrhea-Ceftriaxone; Chlamydia-Azithromycin |
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Term
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Definition
| surface marker for Monocyte and Macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
Hikers, outdoors
Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes tick; NE USA
BAKE a Key LYME pie: Bell's palsy, Arthritis, Kardiac block (AV block), Erythema migrans
tx: ceftriaxone or Doxycycline |
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Term
| Acute effects after glucocorticoid administration: |
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Definition
Inc neutrophil ct- bc "demargination" of neutrophils previously attached to the vessel wall
Dec lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil |
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Term
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Definition
| Flavi Virus; Sx: Fever, BLACK vomit, Jaundice |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Metronidazole
fat-thick-bulky stools, campers |
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Term
| bacteria that ccan undergo Transformation and what is transformation |
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Definition
Strep Pneumo, H. Influenzae, N. meningitidis
uptake and expression of chromosomal fragments from the environment when neighboring bacteria die or lyse.
so, non-virulent bacteria are capable of acquiring the genetic matierial for a capsule and gain virulence. |
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