Term
| What is the triad of symptoms for Wernicke's encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
1. confusion
2. ataxia
3. ophthalmoplegia |
|
|
Term
| What is the triad of symptoms for Korsakoff Syndrome? |
|
Definition
1. Irreversible memory loss
2. Confabulation
3. Personality changes |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common vitamin deficiency in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the functionally active form of thiamine? |
|
Definition
| B1...Thiamine pyrophosphate |
|
|
Term
| How is thiamine deficiency diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| an increase in erythrocyte tranketolase activity observed upon addition of thiamine |
|
|
Term
| In what population is beri beri commonly seen? What is it a deficiency in? |
|
Definition
| found where polished rice is the major component of the diet; B1 deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency leads to peripheral vasodilation-->high-output cardiac failure-->peripheral edema, also cardiomegaly |
|
Definition
| B1 deficiency (Wet beri beri) |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency leads to foot/wrist/toe drop, peripheral neuropathy, and hyporeflexia? |
|
Definition
B1 deficiency (dry beri beri)
"Drop the berries" |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is riboflavin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 biologically active forms of riboflavin? What are they cofactors for? |
|
Definition
| FMN and FAD...they are cofactors for oxidation-reduction rxns |
|
|
Term
| Which amino acid is required for the generation of niacin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 biologically active forms of niacin? What are they cofactors for? |
|
Definition
| NAD+ and NADP+, oxidation-reduction reactions |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency causes pellagra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main SE of high dose niacin treatment of dyslipidemia? How can it be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Vasodilation/flushing...effect can be lessened by taking with aspirin |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is pantothenic acid? What is its role in metabolism? |
|
Definition
| B5...it is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) which functions in the transfer of acyl groups |
|
|
Term
| What drug can lead to a deficiency in both B3 and B6? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is folic acid and in what 3 reactions is it involved? |
|
Definition
| B9 (9mos of pregnancy,need B9!); involved in synthesis of purines (A,G) and thymine (T)....(TAG) |
|
|
Term
| What is the intracellular storage form of folate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biologically active form of folate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is cobalamin and what is found in the center of the corrin ring? |
|
Definition
| B12...copper is found in the middle |
|
|
Term
| What hormone in the stomach causes the release of B12 f/ its protein bound form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are IF-B12 complexes absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 organs are involved in the absorption of Vit B12? |
|
Definition
| salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, distal ileum |
|
|
Term
| The Schilling test is used to determine the etiology of what vitamin deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for B12 neuropathy? |
|
Definition
| Subacute Combined Degeneration |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 malabsorption problems in the distal ileum that cause B12 deficiency |
|
Definition
| Crohn's dz and celiac sprue |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for B12 deficiency? |
|
Definition
| IM injection of cyanocobalamin |
|
|
Term
| What is the metabolic role of biotin? |
|
Definition
| CARBOXYLATION rxns ("buy-a-tin of CO2) |
|
|
Term
| Ingestion of too much of what food can cause a deficiency of biotin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the fat soluble vitamins has coenzyme activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylation of which 2 residues of collagen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 3 vitamins are considered antioxidants? |
|
Definition
| ACE...Vit A (beta-carotene), Vit C, and Vit E |
|
|
Term
| For what 2 skin disorders is topical retinoic acid useful for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 signs of vitamin A deficiency? |
|
Definition
1. night blindness
2. xeropthalmia (dry eyes)
3. keratomalacia (corneal clouding)
4. bitot's spots (gray plaques on conjunctiva) |
|
|
Term
| Which form of Vit D is obtained f/ sunlight? F/ ingestion? |
|
Definition
| D3 from sunlight, D2 f/ plants (ergocalciferol, think ergot) |
|
|
Term
| In what dz does Vit D toxicity result f/ excess macrophage generation of 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What proteins/factors are dependent on Vit K for synthesis? |
|
Definition
| Proteins C and S, Factors 7, 9, 10, 2 |
|
|
Term
| What 3 pharmacologic agents can cause Vit K toxicity with long term use? |
|
Definition
1. warfarin
2. anticonvulsants
3. antibiotics (loss of gut bacteria) |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is alpha-tocopherol and what is its primary fxn? |
|
Definition
| Vit E, it's an antioxidant (prevents nonenzymatic oxidation of cell components-esp on RBC's by free radicals) |
|
|
Term
| A person presents w/ convulsions and irritability. What is the vitamin deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamins have a function similar to reduced glutathione? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An alcoholic develops a rash, diarrhea, and altered mental status. What is the vitamin deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency? increased RBC fragility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency? dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency? peripheral neuropathy, angular cheilosis, glossitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency? hemorrhagic dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin deficiency? bitot spots, keratomalatia, xeropthalmia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? can be used to treat acne and psoriasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? used in oxidation-reduction rxs (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? used in carboxylation rxns |
|
Definition
| biotin ("buy-a-tin of CO2") |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? deficiency may result f/ kidney dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? used by pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (4) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? given prophylactically to newborns |
|
Definition
| K (they don't have the gut bacteria yet necessary for synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? can be used to elevate HDL and lower LDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? deficiency can be caused by INH use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? cobalt is found within this vitamin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin? Critical for DNA synthesis (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is inhibited by the drug fomepizole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin should vegetarians supplement in their diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 signs of zinc deficiency? |
|
Definition
-- delayed wound healing
-- hypogonadism, decreased adult hair
-- anosmia |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin in excess can cause arthralgias, fatigue, headache, skin changes, sore throat, alopecia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin deficiency characterized by alopecia, a maculopapular rash around the mouth and eyes, taste and smell abnormalities, and problems with healing wounds |
|
Definition
|
|
