Term
| Anticentromere antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
|
Definition
| Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies |
|
Definition
| Goodpasture's Syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug-Induced SLE ("SHIPP") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
|
|
Term
| Antimitochondrial antibodies |
|
Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies |
|
Definition
| Vasculitis (cANCA- Wegener's; pANCA- Churg-Strauss, microscopic polyangiitis) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA's, anti-Sm, Anti-dsDNA) |
|
Definition
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP- bleeding diasthesis) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
|
Definition
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma (not CREST) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies |
|
Definition
| Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss) |
|
|
Term
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
|
Definition
| Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: esp the promyelocytic type) |
|
|
Term
| "Bamboo spine" on x-ray, sacroiliitis |
|
Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis (HLA B27) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC's |
|
Definition
| Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic stippling of RBC's |
|
Definition
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "boot-shaped" heart on xray |
|
Definition
| Tetralogy of Fallot, Rt Venticular Hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
|
Definition
| Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis fibrosis cystica (von Recklinghausen's dz of bone) |
|
|
Term
| Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| Chagas' Dz (Trypanosoma cruzi)...Mega colon, Mega heart, Mega esophagus) |
|
|
Term
| Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule |
|
Definition
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| "Chocolate cyst" of ovary |
|
Definition
| Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)...Gunpowder stain in peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| Homer-Wright rosettes (circle if tumor cells surrounding neurofilaments)...neuroblastoma (adrenal), medulloblastoma, and Ewing's sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
|
Definition
| Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation on Caucasians resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of dorsal column nerves... |
|
Definition
| Tabes Dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis)...loss of proprioception, (+)rhomberg |
|
|
Term
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra... |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's Dz (decr dopamine means decreased DOPA which means decr melanin) |
|
|
Term
| Desquamated epithelial casts in sputum... |
|
Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid... |
|
Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
|
|
Term
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia... |
|
Definition
| koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)...perinuclear cytoplasmic clearing |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies... |
|
Definition
| "owl's eye" appearance of CMV (aka. "Cowdry Type A" bodies) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei (empty nuclei)... |
|
Definition
| "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (PAPILLARY carcinoma of the thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in the liver... |
|
Definition
| Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver dz) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell... |
|
Definition
| Lewy bodies (Parkinson's dz) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic globule in liver... |
|
Definition
| Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often Yellow Fever) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells... |
|
Definition
| Rabies virus (lyssavirus) |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain... |
|
Definition
| senile plaques (Alzheimer's dz) |
|
|
Term
| Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")... |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessels in germ cells... |
|
Definition
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| "Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on X-ray... |
|
Definition
| Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis...marrow expansion of the skull) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole |
|
|
Term
| Heart nodules (inflammatory) |
|
Definition
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions... |
|
Definition
| bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clotting:: DVT, PE, DIC, Bud-Chiari |
|
|
Term
| "Honeycomb lung" on X-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemias (HbF sometimes present), Anemia of chronic dz |
|
|
Term
| Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects), abdominal wall defects |
|
|
Term
| Increased uric acid levels (4) |
|
Definition
| Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, myeloproliferative d/o's, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
|
Definition
| Cowdy Type A bodies (HSV, CMV, Yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| ferruginous bodies (asbestosis; increased risk for mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised |
|
Definition
| Chediak-Higashi dz (failure of phagolysosome formation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson's Dz (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| "Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
| Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Lytic "hole punched" lesions on Xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cysts |
|
Definition
| fibrocystic change of the breast |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal antibody spike (3) |
|
Definition
1. Multiple Myeloma (called the M protein, usu. IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
3. Walderstrom's (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
|
Definition
| Bence Jones proteins (MM [kappa or lambda light chains in urine]), Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
|
|
Term
| Mucin-filled w/ peripheral nucleus |
|
Definition
| Signet ring (gastric carcinoma or lobular carcinoma of the breast) |
|
|
Term
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
|
Definition
| "String sign"- Crohn's Dz ...transmural inflammation, multiple skip lesions |
|
|
Term
| Needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
| "Nutmeg" appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF or due to Bud-Chiari |
|
|
Term
| "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| Codman's Triangle on Xray (osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minimal change dz (child w/ nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Polished "ivory-like" appearance of bone at carilage erosion |
|
Definition
| Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
| Protein aggregates in neurons f/ hyperphosphorylation of protein Tau |
|
Definition
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's dz and CJD) |
|
|
Term
| Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement |
|
Definition
| Glioblastoma multiforme (most common adult primary brain tumor, VERY deadly) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
|
Definition
| pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coarctation of the aorta (bc of collateral circulation) |
|
|
Term
| sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology) |
|
Definition
| Burkitt's Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated w/ EBV) |
|
|
Term
| Silver-staining spherical aggregation of Tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick's Dz; progessive to dementia, similar to Alzheimer's) |
|
|
Term
| Small granulomatous lesion in lung (can calcify) |
|
Definition
| Ghon focus (primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli) |
|
|
Term
| Small, round RBC inclusions |
|
Definition
| Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver dz)...denatured hemoblobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| "spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits |
|
Definition
| membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome).."MGN studio dome" |
|
|
Term
| Stacks of red blood cells |
|
Definition
| Rouleaux formation (high ESR, Multiple Myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| "clue cells" (gardnerella vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| "Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) on Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| Birbeck granules (Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| Thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| "Thumb sign" on lateral xray |
|
Definition
| Epiglottitis (H. influenza type B) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis (dilated tubules filled w/ colloid) |
|
|
Term
| "Tram track" appearance on LM |
|
Definition
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| Fatty liver dz/ hepatic steatosis (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL ("smudge cells" almost always B cell, affects the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| "Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Xanthochromia (old subarachnoid hemorrhage: blood in CSF has broken down into bilirubin) |
|
|
