Term
| What enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step in carbohydrate digestion? |
|
Definition
| oligosaccharide hydrolases |
|
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Term
| What enzyme is responsible for the conjugation of bilirubin? |
|
Definition
| UDP-glucuronyl transferase |
|
|
Term
| What do the G cells of the GI secrete? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the I cells of the GI secrete? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the S cells of the GI secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the D cells of the GI secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the parietal cells of the GI secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the chief cells of the GI secrete? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What GI ligament contains the portal triad and may be compressed to control bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the components of the portal triad? |
|
Definition
1. hepatic artery
2. portal vein
3. common bile duct |
|
|
Term
| What GI ligament attaches the spleen to to the posterior abdominal wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament attaches the spleen to the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which GI ligament is the derivative of the fetal umbilical vein? |
|
Definition
| falciform ligament (connects liver to anterior abdominal wall) |
|
|
Term
| What hormone increases pancreatic secretion? Pancreatic HCO3- secretion? |
|
Definition
Pancreatic secretion: CCK
Pancreatic HCO3-: Secretin |
|
|
Term
| What 3 structures form Hesselbach's triangle? |
|
Definition
1. Inferior epigastric A
2. Lateral border of rectus abdominus
3. Inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia? mildly decreased UDPGT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia? Completely absent UDPGT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia? grossly black liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia? Responds to phenobarbital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia? treatment includes plasmaphoresis and phototherapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia? Asymptomatic unless under physiological stress (alcohol, infection)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antacid? may cause diarrhea |
|
Definition
Magnesium hydroxide
(MG- Must Go!) |
|
|
Term
| Which antacid? may cause constipation |
|
Definition
Aluminum hydroxide
(AluMINIMUM amt of feces) |
|
|
Term
| Which antacid? may cause rebound hypercalcemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which side effect might all antacids cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the artery of the foregut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the artery of the midgut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the artery of the rectum and distal 1/3 of the colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the watershed region of the gut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common location of salivary gland tumors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common salivary gland tumor? What is it's histological appearance? |
|
Definition
| Pleomorphic adenoma: Multiple tissue types (epithelial, mesenchymal)...benign and painless, high rate of recurrence |
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd most common benign salivary tumor? |
|
Definition
| Warthin's Tumor (tissue trapped in lymph node, benign) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more likely to be malignant, parotid or sublingual gland tumor? |
|
Definition
| Parotid (serous) tumors are more common but less likely to be malignant; sublingual (mucinous) are less common but more likely to be malignant |
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|
Term
| What is the location of a Zenker's diverticulum? |
|
Definition
| Immediately above the upper esophageal sphincter (presents w/ bad breath and dysphagia) |
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Term
| A pt taking NSAIDs for the management of her gout develops anemia, has pain w/ eating, and has a (+) occult blood test. What drug should she be treated with? |
|
Definition
| Misiprostol (increases protective barrier, best for NSAID induced peptic ulcers) |
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? specialized columnar epithelium seen in biopsy f/ distal esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? biopsy of a pt w/ esophagitis reveals large pink intranuclear inclusions and host cell chromatin that is pushed to the edge of the nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? stomach biopsy reveals neutrophils above the BM, loss of surface epithelium, and fibrin-containing prulrulent exudates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? an esophageal biopsy reveals a lack of ganglion cells b/w the inner and outer muscular layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? biopsy of a mass in parotid gland reveals a double layer of columnar epithelial cells resting on a dense lymphoid stroma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? small intestine biopsy reveals small lymphocytes w/ irregular nuclear contours and proliferation of these lymphocytes into the mucosa and epithelial glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? out-pouching of all layers of the esophagus found just above the LES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? basal cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, and elongation of lamina propria papilla seen in biopsy of esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? goblet cells seen in the distal esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? protrusion of the mucosa in the upper esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? biopsy of a pt w/ esophagitis reveals enlarged cells, intranuclear and cystoplasmic inclusions, and a clear perinuclear halo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? diffuse thickening of gastrin folds, elevated serum gastrin levels. biopsy reveals glandular hyperplasia w/out foveolar hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| Zollinger Ellison syndrom |
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? Biopsy of mass in parotid gland shows both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? biopsy of mass in parotid gland reveals a carcinoma composed mostly mucus-secreting cells but also some squamous cells, and intermediates of both |
|
Definition
| Muco-epidermoid tumor/carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? a PAS stain on a biopsy obtained f/ a pt w esophagitis reveals hyphenated organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What upper GI problem? esophageal pouch found in the upper esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most common causes of small bowel obstruction? |
|
Definition
"ABC"...
1. Adhesions (f/ previous surgeries, 75%)
2. Bulge/hernia
3. Cancer/tumors |
|
|
Term
| Prokinetic agents work by increasing what two neurotransmitters? By decreasing which one? |
|
Definition
Increase: Ach and seratonin
Decrease: D2 |
|
|
Term
| What does a Serum Albumin:Ascites Gradient >1.1 indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A man presens w/ ataxia and tremors and brown pigmentation in a ring around his cornea. What is the dx and what should he be treated with? |
|
Definition
| Wilson's dz (Cu accumulation)...He should be given penicillamine |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of acute RLQ pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50yo female presents w/ pruritis w/out jaundice, lab reveals (+) anti-mitochondrial antibody. Dx? |
|
Definition
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of acute LLQ pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt w/ GI bleeding has buccal pigmentation. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 60 yo female w/ RA and no EtOH hx presents w/ fatigue and rt abdominal pain, lab studies reveal high levels of ANA and ASMA, elevated serum IgG, and no viral serologic markers. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colonoscopy reveals very friable mucosa extending f/ the rectum to the distal transverse colon. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A small intestinal mucosa laden w/ distended macrophages in the lamina propria that are filled w/ PAS+ granules and rod-shaped bacilli seen by EM |
|
Definition
| Whipple's Dz (often seen in older men) |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of acute RUQ pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver biopsy on a 23 yo female w/ elevated levels of LKM-1 antibodies, no EtOH hx, and no viral serologic markers reveals infiltration of the portal and periportal area w/ lymphocytes. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps following a course of antibiotics. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a fatal dz of unconjugated bilirubin resulting f/ a complete lack of UDPGT activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiography reveals a "string sign" in the terminal ileum. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated levels of serum ferritin and increased transferrin saturation. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha-fetoprotein levels > 1000pg/mL. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated serum copper, decreased serum ceruloplasmin, and elevated 24-hr urinary copper. Dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt w/ both liver dz and emphysema? |
|
Definition
| alpha-antitrypsin deficiency |
|
|
Term
| ERCP reveals alternating strictures and dilation. Dx? |
|
Definition
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for esophageal cancer? |
|
Definition
| "ABCDEFGH"... Alcohol, Barrett's, Cigarettes, Diverticuli, Esophaheal webs/esophagitis, Familial, GERD, Hot dogs (nitrosamines) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 main side effects of Carcinoid Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| "BFDR" Bronchospasm (wheezes), Flushing, Diarrhea, Rt heart murmur |
|
|
Term
| What drug do you give to treat hepatic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classic triad of hemachromatosis? |
|
Definition
1. Cirrhosis
2. Diabetes Mellitus
3. Hyperpigmentation
..."bronze diabetes" |
|
|
Term
| What GI pathology? Gastric hypertrophy w/ protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and increased mucus cells. Rugae of stomach look like brain gyri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What GI pathology? "Beads on a string" appearance of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts on ERCP |
|
Definition
| Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| What GI pathology? unknown cause of concentric "onion skin" bile duct fibrosis |
|
Definition
| Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| What is Charcot's triad of cholangitis? |
|
Definition
| Fever, Jaundice, and RUQ pain |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 tumor markers of pancreatic cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a (+) Murphy's sign and what GI pathology does it suggest? |
|
Definition
| Inspiratory arrest on deep palpation, suggests cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| What has more malignant potential, an adenomatous or villous adenoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 arteries that branch directly off of the Celiac trunk? |
|
Definition
1. Left Gastric A
2. Splenic A
3. Common Hepatic A |
|
|
Term
| With which autoimmune d/o are anti-smooth muscle antibodies found? |
|
Definition
|
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