Term
| Purine Synthesis inhibitors |
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Definition
Hydroxyurea, 6-MP, 5-FU, MTX, Trimethoprim (b)
Think the reduction of THYMINE (except hydroxyurea which decreases both) |
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Term
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Definition
inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
-purine metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
(6-mercaptopurine)
Inhibits DE NOVO purine synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
(5-fluorouracil)
Inhibits thymidylate synthase (dec dTMP) |
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Term
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Definition
(methotrexate)
inhibits DHF reductase (dec dTMP) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks BACTERIAL DHF reductase |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
Prevents:
1) xanthine
2) uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
"orotic aciduria"
-NO hyperammonemia
-megaloblastic anemia refractory to b12 & folate
(de novo purine synthesis deficiency) |
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Term
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Definition
-acts on microtubules
-prevents macrophage ingestion of uric acid |
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Term
| Action of Fluoroquinolones |
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Definition
| Inhibit DNA gyrase (prokaryotic topoisomerase) |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits O topoisomerase II |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits macromolecule synthesis and affects topoisomerase I -Also inhibits Ubiquinone/CoQ10 |
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Term
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Definition
| Topoisomerase I inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| Topoisomerase I inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| Topoisomerase I inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits RNA polymerase II (death cap mushrooms) |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA pol inhibitor of INITIATION |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA pol inhibitor of INITIATION |
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Term
| Action of ActinomycinD (Dactinomycin) |
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Definition
| prevents DNA template formation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 30s binding -prevents aminoacyl-tRNA |
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Term
| Action of Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| prevent initiation complex formation -causes misreading of mRNA |
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Term
| Action of Chloramphenicol |
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Definition
| Inhibits 50s peptidyltransferase (elongation inhibitor) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 60S (inhibits elongation) |
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Term
| Action of Diphtheria toxin |
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Definition
| eEF-2 (inhibits elognation) |
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Term
| Action of Ricin (Caster bean) |
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Definition
| cleaves eukaryotic rRNA (inhibits elognation) |
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Term
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Definition
| replaces tRNA (inhibits elognation) |
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Term
| Action of pseudomonas toxin |
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Definition
| EF-2 (inhibits elognation) |
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Term
| Action of Shaga/Shaga-like toxins |
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Definition
| 28S in 60S (inhibits elognation) |
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Term
| Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Sight of detoxification for drugs and poisons (also for steroid synthesis) |
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Term
| Action of Mebendazole/thiabendazole |
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Definition
| (antihelminth) -disables microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| (antifungal) -inhibits microtubules |
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Term
| Action of Vincristine/Vinblastin |
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Definition
| (anti-cancer) -blocks microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| (anti-breast cancer) -blocks microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks K+ channels on NaK pump |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (cardiac glycoside) Inhibits CARDIAC NaK ATPase (decreases Na/Ca exhanger gradient and results in increased intracellular Ca) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Hydroxylation of proline (and lysine) -Collagen synthesis -Ferric ion reduction for absorption in duodenum -necessary for dopamine B-hydroxylase (conversion of Dopamine -> NE) |
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Term
| Function of N-acetylcysteine |
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Definition
| Used to loosen mucous plugs in CF patients -Cleaves disulfide bonds within mucous glycoproteins) |
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Term
| (2) Uses for Isotretinoin (Vitamin A) |
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Definition
| ***Teratogenic -Treatment for severe acne & measles |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to lower triglyceride & LDL levels, increases HDL -Causes facial flushing -INH therapy can interfere with it (along with B6) |
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Term
| Pyridoxine (B6): two causes of deficiency |
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Definition
| 1) Oral contraceptives 2) INH therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| Gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues (II, VII, IX, X, C & S) -Made by BACTERIA ONLY |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits Alcohol dehydrogenase -Antidote for methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning |
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Term
| Action of Disulfiram (antabuse) |
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Definition
| Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydogenase(increases acetaldehyde -> bigger hangovers) |
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Term
| Treatment of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (congenital disease state) |
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Definition
| High intake of ketogenic nutrients: -fats -More specifically, lysine & leucine (acquired in B1 def in alcoholics) |
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Term
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Definition
| opiate Also, blocks complex I of ETC |
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Term
| Action of Amytal (barbiturate) |
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Definition
| "Truth Serum" Also, blocks complex I of ETC |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedative-Hypnotic Also, blocks complex I of ETC |
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Term
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Definition
| Insecticide that blocks complex I of ETC -Degraded by sunlight |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks cytochrome C (thus, blocking both pathways of the ETC) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks Fo component of Complex V () and increases the proton gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| -Uncoupler -causes leakage of H+ from intermembranous space into mitochondrial matrix |
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Term
| Aspirin overdose (regarding the ETC) |
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Definition
| -Uncoupler -Fever CAUSED by overdose -causes leakage of H+ from intermembranous space into mitochondrial matrix |
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Term
| Action of Atractyloside (low yield) |
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Definition
| inhibits ADP/ATP exchange in the ETC |
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Term
| physiology of CN overdose |
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Definition
| Binds Fe3+ in Complex IV(a/a3) of ETC -treat with high dose methylene blue (increases metHgb [Fe3+]) OR -Amyl Nitrate (Hgb -> metHgb) & Thiosulfate (CN -> thiocyanate) |
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Term
| physiology of CO overdose |
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Definition
| binds to Fe2+ in hemoglobin (major) and in complex IV (a/a3) of ETC (minor). -Treat with 100% O2 -~200x higher affinity for Hgb vs. oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| -Used in CN overdose -Converts Hgb -> metHgb |
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Term
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Definition
| used in CN overdose -converts CN into thiocyanate (less toxic) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Also used in HIGH DOSE to converts Hgb -> metHgb (Ferrous to Ferric iron) |
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Term
| Drug induced (4) hemolysis in G6PD |
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Definition
| Fava beans, sulfonamides, primaquine, Anti-TB drugs (dapsone) |
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Term
| Treatment for hyperammonemia |
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Definition
| Benzoate or Phenylbutyrate -bind AAs |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits DOPA decarboxylase(no L-DOPA -> Dopamine) |
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Term
| Treatment for Phenylketouria (PKU) |
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Definition
| No phenylalanine & Increased tyrosine |
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Term
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Definition
| Acetalozamide (alkalinizes the urine) |
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Term
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Definition
| lower TGs -little effect on LDL |
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Term
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Definition
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (competitive inhibition)(Glucagon can also inhibit) |
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Term
| ACE inhibitor teratogenic effect |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leading cause of birth defects & MR; FAS |
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Term
| Alkylating agents teratogenic effect |
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Definition
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Term
| aminoglycoside teratogenic effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Cocaine teratogenic effect |
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Definition
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Term
| DES (diethylstilbestrol) teratogenic effect |
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Definition
| Vaginal clear cell carcinoma (females only) |
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Term
| Folate antagonists teratogenic effects in first few weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| Iodide teratogenic effect (high or low) |
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Definition
| Congenital goiter of hypothyroidism |
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Term
| Lithium's teratogenic effect |
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Definition
| Ebstein's anomaly (atrialized right ventricle) |
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Term
| Maternal DM teratogenic effect |
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Definition
| caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia) |
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Term
| Smoking (CO, nicotine) teratogenic effect |
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Definition
| preterm labor, ADHD, IUGR, placental problems (nos) |
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Term
| tetracycline teratogenic effect |
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Definition
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Term
| thalidomide teratogenic effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Valproate teratogenic effect |
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Definition
| blocks intestinal folate absorption |
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Term
| Warfarin teratogenic effect |
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Definition
| abortion, fetal hemorrhage, bone deformities |
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Term
| Indomethacin's use in infants |
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Definition
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Term
| Use of prostaglandins in infants |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of Mycoplasma (ex. mycoplasma pneumoniae) |
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Definition
| Erythromycin -bacteriostatic -50S inhibitor (protein synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| b-lactam (penicillin, carbapenum, cephalosporins, and monobactum) + b-lactamase inhibitor (clavulonic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam) |
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Term
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Definition
| penicillin, carbapenum, cephalosporins, and monobactum |
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Term
| three b-lactamase inhibitors |
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Definition
| Clavulanic acid sulbactam tazobactam |
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Term
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Definition
| qualitative antibiotic susceptibility test |
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Term
| MIC for antibacterial growth |
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Definition
| minimal concentration of a drug that prevents growth of bacteria |
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Term
| MBC for antibacterial growth |
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Definition
| Minimal killing dose for bacterial growth. Used in immunocompromised patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Vancomycin (bactericidal, gram + ONLY - cell wall inhibitor) OR quinupristin/dalfopristin |
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Term
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Definition
| Penicillin G (b-lactam) and aminoglycoside (bactericidal; inhibits formation of initiation complex) |
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Term
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Definition
| b-lactam (penicillin, carbapenum, cephalosporins, and monobactum) |
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Term
| Group B strep (s. agalactiae)tx |
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Definition
| ampicillin + cephalosporin/aminoglycoside |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antibiotics + antitoxin Ig (against FREE/UNBOUND toxin) |
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Term
| Botulism tx (c. botulinum) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
delay wound closure (O2 prevents growth)
hyperbaric therapy
antibiotics
debridement |
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Term
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Definition
metronidazole
Or very late = vancomycin |
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Term
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Definition
rapid treatment (w/in 48 hrs) needed
Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone; bactericidal; DNA gyrase inhibitor) or doxycycline(tetracycline; bacteriostatic; 30S) |
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Term
| Listeria monocytogenes tx |
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Definition
ampicillin (b-lactam; bactericidal)
IC: gentamicin (aminoglycoside; bactericidal; initiation inhibitor) |
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Term
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Definition
SMZ-TMP (sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim)
(PABA antimetabolite blocks DHP synthetase & bacterial DHF reductase inhibitor)
Both bacteriostatic. Known to exacerbate G6PD |
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Term
| Tx for leprosy (Hansen's disease) |
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Definition
| oral dapsone (competitive antagonist of PABA - bacterial folate synthesis derivative) |
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Term
| Drug for prophylactic prevention of MAC in AIDS patients (cd4<50) |
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Definition
| Azithromycin (bacteriostatic; block translocation during protein synthesis; 23S of the 50S |
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Term
| Tx for Neisseria infections |
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Definition
| Cephalosporins (bactericidal; b-lactam) |
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Term
| H. Influenza meningitis tx |
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Definition
| Ceftriaxone (cephalosporins; bactericidal; b lactam |
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Term
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Definition
| Erythromycin (macrolide; bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translocation; binds 23S of 50S) |
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Term
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Definition
| aminoglycosides (bactericidal; prevents initiation complex and misreading) plus extended spectrum penicillin (Ticarcillin, carbenicillin & pipieracillin are mostly for psuedomonas coverage; bactericidal b-lactam) |
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Term
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Definition
| aminoglycosides (bactericidal; prevents initiation complex and misreading) plus extended spectrum penicillin (Ticarcillin, carbenicillin & pipieracillin are mostly for psuedomonas coverage; bactericidal b-lactam) |
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Term
| Salmonella/Shigella dysentery tx |
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Definition
| quinolones (-floxacins)(bactericidal; inhibits DNA gyrase/topo II |
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Term
| Triple therapy for H. Pylori |
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Definition
1) metrodinazole (bactericidal; increased free radical metabolites)
2) bismuth (binds toxins and coats ulcers)
3) tetracyclin/amoxicillin (bacteriostatic; binds 30S preventing aminoacyl-tRNA)/(b-lactam; bactericidal) |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics not recommended! |
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Term
| Tx for Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lymes) |
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Definition
| Doxycycline/ceftriaxone (tetracycline; bacteriostatic; 30S and aminoacyl-tRNA)/(Cephalosporin; bactericidal; b-lactam) |
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Term
| Syphillis (treponema pallidum) tx |
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Definition
| PCN G (bactericidal; b-lactam) |
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Term
| tx for bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginalis) |
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Definition
| metronidazole (inhibits protein synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| doxycycline (tetracycline; bacteriostatic; 30S; aminoacyl-tRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Doxycycline (tetracycline; 30S aminoacyl-tRNA) or Azithromycin (macrolide; inhibits translocation -> protein synthesis; 23S of 50S) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetracycline (30S aminoacyl-tRNA) or Erythromycin (macrolide; inhibits translocation -> protein synthesis; 23S of 50S) |
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Term
| Localized mycoses infection tx |
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Definition
| fluconazole or ketoconazole (-azole)(Inhibis fungal ergosterol sythesis by blocking cyt-p450 enzyme |
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Term
| Systemic mycoses treatment |
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Definition
| Amphotericin B (binds ergosterol and creates leaky pore) |
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Term
| topical analogue to amphotericin B |
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Definition
| nystatin (pokes holes in ergosterol membrane |
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Term
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Definition
1)TMP-SMX (trimethaprim & sulfamethoxazole) (inhibits DHF & PABA antimetabolite; both bacteriostatic; synergistic)
2)pentamidine (multistep interference - oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide incorporation)
3)dapsone (PABA antagonist) |
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Term
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Definition
| Itraconazole (-azole; p450 inhibitor affects ergosterol sythesis) or potassium iodide |
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Term
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Definition
| Metronidazole (-azole; p450 inhibitor affects ergosterol sythesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Metronidazole and iodoquinol (-azole; p450 inhibitor affects ergosterol sythesis) and (amebocide with unknown mechanism according to accessmedicine.com) |
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Term
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Definition
| Filtering city water supplies; no treatment! |
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Term
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Definition
| Sulfadiazine & pyrimethamine (bacteriostatic; PABA antimetabolite that inhibits DHP synthetase) & (parasitic DHF reductase inhibitor) |
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Term
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Definition
| amphotericin B in those that survive (pokes holes in ergosterol wall) |
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Term
| Plasmodium Falciparum or Malariae tx |
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Definition
Chloroquine (prevents plasmodium heme polymerase
Resistant: use mefloquine (MOA unknown per FA) |
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Term
| Plasmodium Vivax/ovale tx |
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Definition
| Treat with chloroquine (blocks plasmodium heme polymerase) & primaquine (probably generates free radicals or interferes with ETC) |
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Term
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Definition
quinine & clindamycin
(tons of stuff to metabolism and DNA & bacteriostatic; no peptide formation at 50S) |
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Term
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Definition
| Metronidazole (-azole; p450 inhibitor affects ergosterol sythesis) |
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Term
| Intestinal nematodes (roundworm) tx |
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Definition
| mebendazole (inhibits glucose uptake and microtubule synthesis) |
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Term
| tx of tissue nematode infection |
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Definition
| diethylcarbamazine (unknown moa) |
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Term
| Tx for black fly river blindness (onchocerca) |
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Definition
| Ivermectin (No CNS penetration of intense GABA-mediated immobilization) |
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Term
| Echinococcus(Cestode; tapeworm)tx |
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Definition
| mebendazole (blocks microtubules and glucose uptake) |
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Term
| Tx for all trematodes (flukes) and Cestodes (tapeworm - less echinococcus) |
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Definition
| Praziquantel (increases todes membrane permeability to Calcium causing contraction) |
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Term
| Tx for Taenia solium (pork)neurocysticerosis |
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Definition
| mebendazole (inhibits glucose uptake and microtubules) |
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Term
| Live, attenuated vaccines - 7* |
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Definition
Smallpox, Yellow fever, VZV, Sabin Polio, MMR, Rotovirus, Adenovirus*(NOT attenuated)
-Caution in giving any of these to IC patients. |
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