Term
| What Artery supplies the Bladder? |
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Definition
| Vesicular branches of the internal iliac artery |
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Term
| What landmark do you use to determine an indirect inguinal hernia vs direct? |
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Definition
| Inferior epigastric. Branch of external iliac. Indirect inguinals are lateral and direct hernias are medial. MDs don't LIe. |
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Term
| What artery gives rise to internal pudendal and what arteries branch from it. |
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Definition
| Anyerior dicision of Internal iliac. Then inferior rectal, perineal, artery of bulb in men, urethral artery, deep artery of penis or clitoris and dorsal artery of penis or clitoris. |
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Term
| What artery gives rise to lateral sacral? |
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Definition
| Posterior division of internal iliac. |
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Term
| What artery supples the greater curvature of stomach near pelorus? |
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Definition
| Right gastroepiploic. A branch of gastrodiodenal. Left gastric off celiac trunk supplies left lesser curvature. |
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Term
| What artsy does he left gastroepiploic artery come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What artery supplies he lesser curvature of stomach on right side? |
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Definition
| Right gastric, a branch of hepatic artery proper. |
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Term
| If someone has a right homonymous hemianopia w macular sparing where is the lesion and what artery supplies that area? |
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Definition
| Calcarine cortex. Supplied by posterior cerebral artery to o cipital lobe. |
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Term
| What defects result from hemisection of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Brown-adequate syndrome. Ipsateral heliparesis (loss of corticospnal), loss of discriminatory touch (dorsal columns) and contraleteral loss of pain and temp (spinothalamic). |
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Term
| What sensation is in lateral fununculus? |
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Definition
| Pain and temp via spinothalamic and motor function via corticospinal |
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Term
| What is the sequence of oogenesis |
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Definition
| Primordial follicle containing primary oocytes arrested in prophase 1 -> primary follicle -> secondary follicle ->graafian follicle. Primary follicles are relatively small w a central procure and surrounding layers of cuboidal cells. Small spaces form then fuse together to create a larger space or antrum. This is a secondary follicle. |
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Term
| What sensation is in lateral fununculus? |
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Definition
| Pain and temp via spinothalamic and motor function via corticospinal |
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Term
| What is the cause of meckels diverticulum? |
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Definition
| Persistence of vitelline omphslomesenteric duct. Rule of 2s: 2 percent of children, 2 feet from iliocecal valve, 2 types of ectopic mucosa and symptoms occur by age 2. Symptoms are gI pain, bleeding, ulceration. |
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Term
| Which muscle holds down scapula when arm is raised and what nerve controls it? |
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Definition
| Serrated anterior. Long thoracic nerve which runs superficially in superolateral thoracic wall |
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Term
| What muscle elevates the scapula? |
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Definition
| Levator scapulae. it's innervation is from the cervical plexus C-3 and C-4 |
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Term
| Where is pectoralis minor attached to on the scapula? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the rhomboid major |
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Definition
| Rhomboid major primarily retracts the scapula. |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the rhomboid major |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of supraspinatus |
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Definition
| It initiates arm abduction, the first 20 to 30°, before there is significant rotation of the scapula |
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Term
| If the hepatic portal vein were blocked how could blood get back into the cabal system |
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Definition
| The left gastric vein communicates with esophageal venous plexus which drains into a zygotes and hemiazygos veins to svc |
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Term
| Superior rectal vein is to the ? As the paraumbical veins w ? |
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Definition
| Portocaval connections: left gastric to esophageal veins which go into azygos. Superior rectal veins with middle and inferior rectal veins. Para umbilical veins with epigastric veins (capture medusas) colic and splenic veins with renal veins |
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Term
| A patient has ataxia, slurred speech, intention tremor, hypotonia and nystagmus. Where is the lesion and what is the embryonic brain structure |
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Definition
| Cerebellum: drunk gait, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria (inability to stop movements at desired point), dysarthria ( ataxic speech) hypotonia and nystagmus. Cerebellum and pons are from metencephalon. |
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Term
| Describe the embryonic brain structures |
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Definition
| 4th week: anterior neural tube develops 3 structures. Prosencephalon (forebrain) mesencephalon (midbrain) rhombencephalon (hindbrain). By sixth week, five vesicles: prosencephalon is now telencephalon and diencephalon, everything w word thalamus as well as post pit and neural retina). Mesencephalon. Rhombencephalon becomes 2: Metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myencephalon ( medulla) |
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Term
| Low pitched rumbling diastolic murmur. Opening snap. Rheumatic fever. |
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Definition
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Term
| From what embryonic structure are the optic cups derived |
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Definition
| Optic cups come from optic vesicles which are evaginations of diencephalon |
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Term
| What embryonic structure gives rise to the neural and pigment layers of retina? |
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Definition
| Optic cup. The optic cups are from optic vesicles which are from the diencephalon. |
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Term
| After what event is the optic stalk then called the optic nerve |
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Definition
| Closure of choroid fissure in optic stalk during seventh week. |
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Term
| From what embryonic germ layer is the sclera and choroid of the I derived? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the locus ceruleus and what does it contain? |
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Definition
| Dense collection of neuromelanin containing cells in rostral pons near lateral edge of fourth ventricle. It contains norepinephrine provinding majority of noradrenergic inner action to forebrain |
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Term
| What is the basal nucleus of meynert? |
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Definition
| A part of substantia innominata, a major collection of forebrain cholinergic neurons that inner ate neocortex, hippocampal formation and amygdala. The basal nucleus degenerates in Alzheimer's. |
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Term
| What type of neurons degenerate in Huntington's disease and what nucleus are they in |
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Definition
| GABAergic neurons. Caudate nucleus GABAergic neurons project to globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. Degeneration leads to enlarged lateral ventricles on MRI |
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Term
| What neurotransmitter is in the Raphael nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference between substantia nigra pars reticulata and pars compacta? |
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Definition
| SNPC contains nigrostriatal neurons, a source of dopamine. They degenerate in Parkinson's and w MPTP. SNPR is GABAergic neurons that inner ate the thalamus. |
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Term
| What is the ventral tegemental area? |
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Definition
| In midbrain. Source of DA for limbic and cortical areas. Over activity is theory behind schitzophrenia |
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Term
| What is a surgeon testing for when he taps the muscles of mastication esp the masseter following thyroid sx? |
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Definition
| Strong jerk of masseter is evidence of tetany from hypocalcemia due to innturruption of blood supply to the parathyroid. East superior and inferior thyroid arteries supply the parathyroid glands |
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Term
| What vessels are in the portal triad |
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Definition
| Hepatic artery, common bile duct and portal vein. These structures constitute the porta hepatis and lie at free edge of lesser omentum as it forms epiploic foramen. |
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Term
| Is the hepatic vein in the portal triad |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve roots are in the long thoracic nerve |
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Definition
| C5 C6 C7 winged scapula=long thoracic nerve injury. Serratus anterior stabilizes scapula from 90 to 180 degrees. |
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Term
| What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle |
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Definition
| Abducting the arm from 0° to 30°. The rest of the motion to 180 is performed by the deltoid which is innervated by the axillary nerve. But motion from 90° to 180° requires a stable scapula. serratus anterior does that |
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Term
| What nerve roots are in the axillary nerve and what does it do |
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Definition
| C-5 and C-6. A branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus. A poorly placed crutch can damage this nerve causing paralysis of teres minor and deltoid. arm abduction is impaired and there is loss of sensation over lower half of deltoid |
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Term
| What nerve innervates teres major |
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Definition
| Lower subscapular nerve. Teres major is responsible for adducting and medially rotating the arm |
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Term
| What nerve root supply the subscapular nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus? What is the role of these muscles |
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Definition
| Suprascapular nerve. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus do abduction and lateral rotation |
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Term
| What nerve roots are in the suprascapular nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the latissimus dorsi |
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Definition
| Adduction and extension of arm |
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Term
| Any wound beneath what intercostal space can damage the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 intercostal spaces define the boundary of right atrium |
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Definition
| Third costal cartilage to sixth costal cartilage just right of sternum |
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Term
| Svc enters right atrium at the level of ? costal cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| The urethral folds become what in female embryo versus male? |
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Definition
| Labia minora and ventral surface of penis. Failure to fuse results in hypospadia in male, a ventral hole. |
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Term
| The labia majora and scrotum develop from the ? aka labioscrotal folds. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the female the caudal genital ligament becomes 2 structures: |
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Definition
| Ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus. In male it becomes gubernaculum |
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Term
| What nerve supplies the posterior compartment and what are the muscles? |
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Definition
| Tibial nerve. Tibialis posterior, FDL, gastrocnemius and soleus. |
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Term
| How many bones are in coccyx |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What artery supplies the right ventricle and in most people the av node, posterior and inferior left ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Someone is in an MVA. Slight dropping of left eyelid. Left constricted people. Left sided facial swelling. No other deficits. Where is the lesion? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic sympathetic fibers come from t1 to t5 and travel to superior cervical ganglion. |
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Term
| What are the tracheoesophageal ridges |
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Definition
| To longitudinal ridges that separate the respiratory diverticulum from the foregut. Eventually they fuse to form a septum separating the esophagus from the trachea and lung buds ventrally. |
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Term
| What is the most medial carpal bone of the proximal row |
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Definition
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Term
| What symptoms characterize trigeminal neuralgia |
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Definition
| Extreme pain along the distributions of the maxillary and mandibular subdivisions of cranial nerve five |
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Term
| Which pharyngeal arch is innervated by the trigeminal nerve |
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Definition
| The first branchial/pharyngeal arch. |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the second pharyngeal arch? |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve 7. Muscles of facial expression |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the third pharyngeal arch |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve nine glossopharyngeal it innervates the Stylopharyngeus muscle |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the fourth pharyngeal arch |
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Definition
| CN 10 vagus. Pharyngeal constrictors. |
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Term
| When is embryonic tissue most susceptible to teratogens? |
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Definition
| Third through ninth week of pregnancy. Major congenital defects occur in this period of organogenesis. The first two weeks are not generally associated with Teratogenicity. |
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Term
| An infant is born with an abnormally developed falciform ligament. The hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments Are also malformed. These developmental anomalies are Most likely Due to abnormal development of the: dorsal mesoduodenum, dorsal mesogastrium, pericardioperitoneal canal, pleuropericardial membranes or ventral mesentery? |
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Definition
| Ventral mesentery. It forms the falciform ligament and lesser omentum which can be divided into the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments. |
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Term
| Are the pancreas and Duodenum in the peritoneal cavity? |
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Definition
| No they are retroperitoneal |
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Term
| How does a Thyroglossal duct cyst present and what is it? |
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Definition
| The thyroglossal duct connects the foremen cecum at tongue base to the thyroid prenatally. It usually degenerates. If not it turns into a cyst seen as a mass midline on neck. Pathognomonic is a mass that elevates when tongue protrudes |
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Term
| What nerve does the lingual nerve branch from? What sensation is carried in it? |
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Definition
| Lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of cn v. It carries sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue. It passes under the mandibular third molar. Between the medial pterygoid muscle and mandibular ramus |
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Term
| In maxillary sinusitis, how does fluid drained into the middle meatus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The superior nasal meat us is located above the superior nasal concha and contains an opening for what |
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Definition
| Posterior ethmoidal air cells |
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Term
| What nerve conveys sensory information to most of the dorsal aspect of the foot |
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Definition
| Superficial peroneal nerve |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the hamstrings as well as muscles of the calf and sole of foot |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the auriculotemporal nerve? |
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Definition
| A branch of v3 that passes from infra temporal fossa to parotid region. Conveys sensory from region in front of ear and tmj and conveys postganglionic parasympathetic to parotid salivary gland. |
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Term
| Where is the auriculotemporal nerve? |
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Definition
| A branch of v3 that passes from infra temporal fossa to parotid region. Conveys sensory from region in front of ear and tmj and conveys postganglionic parasympathetic to parotid salivary gland. |
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