Term
| What ocular pressure defines glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of glaucoma is the most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ethnic group is most commonly diagnosed with open angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common symptom of open angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
| Peripheral vision loss (also a cup-disk ration over 0.5) |
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Term
| Which four groups of medications are used to treat open angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
Nonselective B-blockers(timolol, levobunolol)
adrenergic agonists (epinephrine)
cholinergic agonist (pilocarpine, carbachol)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide, brinzolamide) |
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Term
| Closed angle glaucoma (a medical emergency) is most common in what ethnic group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common presenting symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma (similar to HA)? |
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Definition
| Eye pain, HA, nausea, conjunctival injection, halos around lights, and fixed-moderately dilated pupils (chk intraocular pressure) |
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Term
| What Tx should be followed for closed angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
| Immediate ophthalmologic consultation, begin pilocarpine, timolol, and acetazolamide (reduces intraocular pressure) and laser iridotomy |
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Term
| Closed angle glaucoma is commonly confused with what other very common diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Progressive fixation of the stapes
leads to bilateral conductive hearing loss |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of haring loss in young adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| How will nasal mucosa appear with allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are sympathomimetics used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
| Their a-agonistic effects cause vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Ipratropium, an intranasal anticholinergic, has what mechanism of action for treating allergic rhinitis? |
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Definition
| Decreases mucous membrane secretions |
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Term
| What is the most common etiology for epistaxis? |
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Definition
| Picking the nose (with a finger) |
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Term
| How can an anterior nasal bleed be easily distinguished from a posterior nasal bleed? |
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Definition
| Posterior bleeds are much more likely to have blood swallowed, or flow into the mouth. |
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Term
| What whitish appearing plaque would you likely see in the oral mucosa of a smokeless tobacco chewer who is predisposed for the development of Squa. Cell Carcinoma? |
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Definition
| Leukoplakia (plaques will adhere despite brushings) |
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Term
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Definition
| Atopic dermatitis is a type of eczema, though it is often used interchangeably. |
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Term
| What type of geographical representation of dermatitis is most suggestive of contact dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Linear patterns or patterns associated with known contact areas. |
|
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Term
| How are eczema lesions and psoriasis lesions generally differentiated? |
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Definition
Eczema: lichenification, erythematous, antecubital fossas
Psoriasis: silvery plaques, extensors surfaces
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Term
| What is erythema nodosum? |
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Definition
| The cutaneous manifestation of the inflammation of subcutaneous fat; hypersensitivity reaction. Erythema nodosum describes the eruptions which extend into the skin. |
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Term
| Though most cases of erythema nodosum are self-limited and idiopathic, which possible causes should be considered? |
|
Definition
Sarcoidosis
IBD
infections: strep, coccidioidomycosis |
|
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Term
| Describe the characteristic rash of erythema multiforme. |
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Definition
| Symmertrica lesions forming targetoid lesions with a pink-red blotches which generally demonstrate central clearing. (condition is self-limited and resolves in 7-10 days normally) |
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Term
| What drug is common used when cases of erythema nodosum persists for more than a week? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is pemphigus vulgaris? |
|
Definition
| Disease characterized by autoantibodies which destroy epithelial intracellular adhesion molecules causing superficial bullae |
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|
Term
| What is the tell-tale sign of pemphigus vulgaris? |
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Definition
| Nikolsky?s sign (gentle pulling of the skin causes dermal separation from deeper layers) |
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|
Term
| What is bullous pemphigoid? |
|
Definition
| Antibodies against basement membrane; more common than pemphigus bullae and occurs more commonly in pts over 60 |
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|
Term
| What are the three components of acne vulgaris (common acne)? |
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Definition
Increased pilosebaceous gland activity
P. acnes, follicular plugging (comedones) |
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|
Term
| What pathognomonic finding is seen on wet-prep with herpes zoster? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What three labs should be considered with a new diagnosis of ED? |
|
Definition
TSH, prolactin, testosterone
(May also wish to assess glucose for DM) |
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|
Term
| Which two class of drugs are used in BPH? |
|
Definition
| Alpha-blockers & 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors |
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