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| Plasmodium malariae ***This is the ONLY protozoan from list!!*** |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
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| Hans and Zaccharias Jansen |
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| Invented the compound microscope |
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| Coined the term "microscope" |
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| -Improved compound microscope quality -First to observe the cell -First to observe microscopic fungi |
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| -Formed hundreds of single-lens microscopes -Observed unicellular organisms, which he named "animalcules" |
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| Stated the first two tenents of the Cell Theory |
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| Added the third tenent to the Cell Theory |
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| 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cell is the basic smallest functional unit 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells |
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| Developed simple staining |
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| Designed first electron microscope |
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| Invented the phase-contrast microscope |
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| Proposed the theory of Spontaneous Generation |
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| Challenged spontaneous generation with experiment involving meat in gauze-covered jars, and the appearance (or lack of) maggots |
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| Showed that microbial growth occured in heated, stoppered flasks of broth |
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| Showed that microbial growth is prevented with sufficient heating and stoppering |
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| Proved that oxygen is essential for animals |
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| Passed air through sulfuric acid |
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| Passed air through red-hot tubes |
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| Passed air through cotton plugs |
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| Supported a mysterious "force plastique" |
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| Demonstrated that broth boiled in swan necked flasks remained sterile. This was the end of the Spontaneous Generation theory. |
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| Demonic Theory of disease |
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| Disease comes from malign influence of supernatural powers. Alleviated by "trepidation" |
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| Humoral Theory of disease |
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| Disease is caused by an imbalance of the four humors. Alleviated by "bloodletting" |
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| Miasmatic Theory of disease |
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| Disease is caused by noxious gases, or miasmata, arising from the ground, swamps, decaying animals, etc. |
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| Refers to the contagious nature of disease |
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| Proposed the existence of invisible "animalia minuta" which enter the body and cause disease |
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| Proposed that diseases are caused by "seminaria contagionum," transmitted by: Direct contact
Inanimate objects
Air Proposed relationship between disease and decay |
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| First to associate a microorganism with a specific disease (a silkworm disease caused by a fungus). |
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| Developed pure culture techniques using agar and petri plates. Demonstrated etiology of anthrax Discovered the tubercule bacillus Developed Four Postulates of microbes and disease |
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| 1. Disease-causing organism must be present in every case of the disease, but absent from healthy organisms. 2. Organism must be isolated and grown in pure culture. 3. Same disease must result when a sample of the culture is inoculated into a helathy, susceptible host. 4. The same organism must eb recovered from the diseased host. |
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