Term
| Alter perceptions while allowing the user to remain in communication with the present world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keep present in real world but alter perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Produce more mental confusion, greater clouding of consciousness, and a loss of touch with reality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dr. Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland |
|
|
Term
| Various militaries, including the US military, experimented extensively with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sponsored research was poorly done and violated many ethical codes |
|
Definition
| Army and CIA LSD research |
|
|
Term
| Experiments by psychologist Timothy Leary on Harvard graduate students |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LSD Experiments by psychologist_____on Harvard graduate students |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| started a religion, the League of Spiritual Discovery, with LSD as the sacrament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Religion started by Timothy Leary with LSD as the sacrament |
|
Definition
| League of Spiritual Discovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| odorless, colorless, tasteless, and one of the most potent psychochemicals known |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| No physical dependency with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug metabolized by the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tolerance develops rapidly, within three to four days of daily doses |
|
|
Term
| Cross-tolerance occurs among |
|
Definition
| LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin |
|
|
Term
| he LSD molecule resembles the chemical structure of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LSD 'trips' typically last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug where Effects depend on dose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small amount create small reactions- relaxation effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Larger amounts create more negative and larger reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Native American Church uses this drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peyote use incorporated into its ceremonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Native American Church given permission by the Federal government to use |
|
Definition
| Peyote during certain ceremonies while on their reservations |
|
|
Term
| Peyote use (on reservations) |
|
Definition
In religious ceremonies
As a treatment for illness
Worn as a protective amulet from evil |
|
|
Term
| Buttons are eaten off of the plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mescaline was isolated and synthesized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has been identified as primarily responsible for the visual effects in peyote |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Users may experience bad trips as well as nausea and physical discomfort |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More likely to cause ‘bad trips’ then other hallucinogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mescaline High dose and low dose effects |
|
Definition
Low dose effects are primarily euphoric
Higher doses cause the full set of hallucinogenic effects |
|
|
Term
| Entirely man made- completely synthetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prior to the scheduling, some psychiatrists used this drug in practice because it was viewed as having a special ability to promote empathy, aiding in therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased body temperature- to above 108* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heightened sense of “closeness” with others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involuntary jaw clenching and teeth grinding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MDMA selective destruction of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can completely deplete serotonin levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listed as a Schedule I drug but continues to be studied as a potential psychotherapeutic agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hallucinogenic, Anesthetic (Pain Killer), Stimulant, Depressant |
|
|
Term
| Very different from other hallucinogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Designed to be a large animal tranquillizer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ketamine, dextromethorphan, and nitrous oxide |
|
|
Term
| Users tend to try once and not like the effects and not use again |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Called “killer joints” or “sherms” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preparation of leafy material from the Cannabis plant that is smoked |
|
|
Term
| Effects include Sedation, Pain relief and Hallucinations (in large doses) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grown primarily for its fibers, from which hemp rope is made |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lanky plant up to 18 feet high |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis indica
Cannabis ruderalis |
|
|
Term
| Grown for its psychoactive resins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A compact plant 2 to 3 feet high |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potency varies depending on plant genetics and environmental conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grown primarily in Russia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THC is concentrated in the resin, most of which is in the |
|
Definition
| flowering tops of the plants |
|
|
Term
| THC is concentrated in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psychoactive potency of Cannabis preparations depends on |
|
Definition
| the amount of resin present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Experienced grower only grows females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consists of pure resin that has been carefully removed from the surface of leaves and stems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consists of dried flowering tops of plants with pistillate flowers (female plants) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male plants are removed from the fields before the female plants are pollinated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consists of the remainder of the Cannabis plant after the top has been picked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical range of potency is _____ percent THC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Law that taxed the marijuana grower, distributor, seller, and buyer |
|
Definition
| Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 |
|
|
Term
| In what year did the U.S. Supreme Court declared the Marijuana Tax Act unconstitutional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased heart rate occurs after |
|
Definition
| smoking marijuana and ingesting oral THC |
|
|
Term
| Research findings on the effects of cannabinoids on blood pressure have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marijuana connection to lung cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute effects could be good for asthma |
|
Definition
| Bronchodilation effects of smoking marijuana |
|
|
Term
| Bronchodilation is seen following acute exposure to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heavy marijuana smoking over a long period could lead to |
|
Definition
| clinically significant impairment of pulmonary function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ THC does not have high abuse potential, likely due to its different time course |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effects include euphoria, “high,” mellowness, hunger, and stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marijuana's peak effects occur within _____ and last about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute administration of marijuana to infrequent users disrupts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute administration of marijuana to frequent users |
|
Definition
| Slowed cognitive processing consistently seen |
|
|
Term
| Clinical use of cannabis-based drugs for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| May relieve tension and migraine headaches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| May be effective as an anticonvulsant in some cases when preferred medication is ineffective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduces fluid pressure in the eyes and may be useful in glaucoma patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduces severe nausea caused by certain drugs used to treat cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Currently, ___ states have some form of legislation legalization of marijuana |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| No listing of _____ withdrawal, BUT research suggests an abstinence syndrome does exist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduced testosterone levels in men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diminished sperm counts and abnormal sperm in men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People that are high tend not to be motivated to be productive |
|
|
Term
| Some researchers are collecting data that they claim shows that marijuana causes psychosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the single most important drug issue in the United States. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use reported in boxers, possibly to make them more aggressive and keep them from tiring quickly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initially referred to a cheap brandy given to racing dogs and horses to slow them down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term came to refer to the opposite—an effort to improve rather than impair performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a general term for performance enhancement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Established medical use for weight gain in malnourished people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs Used for Performance Enhancement |
|
Definition
Stimulants
Steroids
Human growth hormone
Beta-2 agonists
Creatine |
|
|
Term
| Studies indicate that most athletes perform better on _________, but the improvement is small |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Androgenic effects (masculinizing) of natural testosterone |
|
Definition
Growth of the penis and other male sex glands
Deepening of the voice
Increased facial hair |
|
|
Term
| Anabolic effects (tissue building) of natural testosterone |
|
Definition
Increased muscle mass
Control of the distribution of body fat
Increased protein synthesis
Increased calcium in the bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Athletes may use combinations of steroids |
|
|
Term
| produce a stimulant-like high and increased aggressiveness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bloody liver cysts
Side effect of steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Premature closure of the growth plates of the long bones, thus limiting adult height |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enlargement of the clitoris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anabolic steroids are listed on Schedule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pituitary hormone that can potentially increase the height and weight of an individual to gigantic proportions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Experiments have shown _____ may increase lean body mass but may not improve strength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A natural substance found in meat and fish, sold legally as a dietary supplement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helps regenerate ATP, which provides the energy for muscle contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extreme methods to achieve short-term weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To attack the source of the drug problem |
|
Definition
| the demand for drugs must be eliminated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Institute of Medicine’s “continuum of care” |
|
Definition
Prevention
Treatment
Maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high-risk groups within a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals who show signs of developing problems |
|
|
Term
| Knowledge-attitudes-behavior model |
|
Definition
| If you give people all the possible info about drugs then people wont use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Building self esteem
Talking about refusal skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Talking about refusal skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Counter advertising
Where public commitments come into play
Talking about refusal skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Helpful in building relationships with local police
Proven not effective in preventing drug use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life Skills Training: Based on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cigarette experimenters were more likely to quit or to maintain low rates of smoking
Initiation of marijuana smoking among nonusers was reduced
Level of marijuana smoking among users was reduced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Teaches resistance skills, normative education, media influences, and general self-management and social skills |
|
|
Term
| of Americans undergo treatment for substance abuse and dependence each year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only acceptable treatment goal for alcohol dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| View that substance dependence is a biological disease that someone either has or does not have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A possible treatment goal is controlled social use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only acceptable treatment goal of Opioid dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common goal of tobacco dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease Model of Alcohol Dependence |
|
Definition
| An alcoholic is biologically different from others, so abstinence is the only appropriate goal |
|
|
Term
| Uses the stages of change to get people through treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual engages in activities intended to maintain the change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual doesn’t recognize that a problem exists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual recognizes there is a problem and begins to consider the possibility of changing her or his behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual decides to change and makes plans to change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual takes active steps toward change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Given a reward for a clean screen |
|
|
Term
| An approach in which individuals receive immediate rewards for providing drug-free urine samples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An approach that combines cognitive therapy techniques with behavioral skills training |
|
Definition
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) |
|
|
Term
| Medications that are used to help block the effects or as a substitute for the drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a longer-term strategy used to help a dependent individual avoid relapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three general categories of pharmacotherapy for maintenance |
|
Definition
Agonist or substitution therapy
Antagonist therapy
Punishment therapy |
|
|
Term
| Agonist or substitution therapy |
|
Definition
Nicotine replacement therapy
Methadone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narcan- blocks effects of drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Exist mostly for alcohol
Antabuse- if given to person and they drink, they become violently ill |
|
|
Term
| an initial and immediate phase of treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most frequently reported drugs for substance abuse treatment admissions |
|
Definition
Alcohol (40 percent)
Opioids (19 percent)
Marijuana/hashish (16 percent)
Cocaine (13 percent)
Stimulants (8 percent, primarily methamphetamine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
47 percent treated as outpatients
13 percent treated as hospital inpatients (detoxification)
18 percent treated in a residential setting |
|
|
Term
| Naturally occurring substances derived from the opium poppy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have a 6,000-year history of medical use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Worldwide, opioids have been used to treat ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use of opioids for extended period of time causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ has a opium addiction problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opium is produced and available for collection for |
|
Definition
| only a few days of the plant’s life |
|
|
Term
| The resinous substance that oozes from the cut in the opium poppy is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Raw opium is the substance from which _____ is extracted and then _______ is derived |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morphine is _____ times as potent as opium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Morpheus, the god of dreams |
|
|
Term
| Medically useful characteristics of morphine |
|
Definition
Clinically useful
Pure chemical
Known potency |
|
|
Term
| __________ allowed delivery of morphine directly into the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Year Hypodermic syringe was created |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Widespread use during war provided relief from pain and dysentery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many veterans were dependent on _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “soldier’s disease” or “army disease” |
|
Definition
| Many veterans were dependent on Morphine |
|
|
Term
| Placed on the market in 1898 by Bayer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heroine is ___ times as potent as morphine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acts like morphine except that it is more potent and acts more quickly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Originally marketed as a non-habit-forming substitute for codeine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opium smoking increased after ____ |
|
Definition
| 1850, as Chinese laborers arrived in the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| Harrison and Opium Acts made it illegal to _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most dangerous form of opioid use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number and proportion of Americans dependent on opioids peaked _______ |
|
Definition
| at the start of the 20th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical user was a 30-50 year old middle class white woman, wife and mother |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Initially, opioid dependence was viewed as a major social problem |
|
Definition
| not as a major social problem |
|
|
Term
| Oral use among white middle class ________ after the 1914 Harrison Act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After World War II, use of heroin increased in _______ |
|
Definition
| low-income areas of large cities |
|
|
Term
| During the 1960s heroin use was associated with ____ and |
|
Definition
| crime and considered socially unacceptable |
|
|
Term
| Rate of Heroin use by American troops in Vietnam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purity of heroine in Vietnam |
|
Definition
| About 95 percent pure (compared to 5 percent in the U.S.) |
|
|
Term
| Most soldier users _____ when they returned to the U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opioid dependence and compulsive use are not inevitable among _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the early 1970s: heroin grown in Turkey, converted to heroin in southern France, and imported into the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| By 1975, most U.S. heroin came from ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mexican brown or black tar heroin |
|
Definition
| Opium processed into morphine, resulting in pure heroin with a brown or black color |
|
|
Term
| Heroin used in U.S. is currently produced mostly in |
|
Definition
| South America, Mexico, Southeast Asia and Afghanistan |
|
|
Term
| Purity of heroin from ________ is higher than heroin from ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recent deaths of celebrities, like Michael Jackson and Heath Ledger has reignited concerns about |
|
Definition
| Physicians over prescribing opioid pain medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10 percent morphine by weight, and a smaller amount of codeine |
|
|
Term
| Natural Prescription Narcotic Analgesics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semisynthetic Prescription Narcotic Analgesics |
|
Definition
Heroin
Diamorph (unavailable in U.S.) |
|
|
Term
| Synthetic Prescription Narcotic Analgesics |
|
Definition
Methadone
Meperidine
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Dihydrocodeine
Propoxyphene
Pentazocine
Fentanyl |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that block the action of opioids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Opioid antagonists |
|
Definition
| Naloxone (Narcan) and nalorphine |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Opioid antagonists |
|
Definition
Reverse depressed respiration from opioid overdose
Precipitate withdrawal syndrome
Prevent dependent individuals from experiencing a high from subsequent opioid use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain relief
Treatment of intestinal disorders
Cough suppressant |
|
|
Term
| Vietnam soldier drug use experience showed |
|
Definition
| Under certain conditions, a relatively high percent of individuals will use |
|
|
Term
| Opioid Tolerance develops from |
|
Definition
| effects from both medical and recreational usage |
|
|
Term
| Cross-tolerance exists among all the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psychological processes play a key role in ______ tolerance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of ________ withdrawal appear in sequence following the timing of the most recent dose and the individual’s history of use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unpleasant but rarely life-threatening |
|
|
Term
| ____ produces opioid withdrawal symptoms that appear later and are less severe than those from heroin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive effects reliably follow use of the drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of the drug removes withdrawal symptoms |
|
|
Term
| ___________ opioids are most likely to lead to dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coma
Depressed respiration
Pinpoint pupils |
|
|
Term
| Infections and the spread of blood-borne diseases |
|
Definition
| associated with injection method of drug use |
|
|
Term
| Number of heroine injections needed daily to prevent withdrawal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Health problems associated with injection habit |
|
Definition
Skin infections
Blood-borne infections
Masking of early symptoms of illness |
|
|
Term
| Opioid tolerance to _____ effects may develop more rapidly than tolerance to ______ effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ Withdrawal is often similar to a mild case of the intestinal flu |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number of opioid-dependent Americans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Craving for drugs, anxiety
(Approximate hours after previous dose) |
|
Definition
Heroin or Morphine- 6
Methadone- 24 |
|
|
Term
Yawning, perspiration, running nose, teary eyes
(Approximate hours after previous dose) |
|
Definition
Heroin or Morphine- 14
Methadone- 34-48 |
|
|
Term
Increase in above signs plus pupil dilation, goose bumps, tremors, hot and cold flashes, aching bones and muscles, loss of appetite
(Approximate hours after previous dose) |
|
Definition
Heroin or Morphine- 16
Methadone- 48-72 |
|
|
Term
plus insomnia; raised blood pressure; increased temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate and depth; restlessness; nausea
(Approximate hours after previous dose |
|
Definition
Heroin or Morphine- 24-36
Methadone- never |
|
|
Term
plus curled-up position, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, spontaneous ejaculation or orgasm, hemoconcentration, increased blood sugar
(Approximate hours after previous dose) |
|
Definition
Heroin or Morphine- 36-48
Methadone- never |
|
|
Term
| In 1926 series of newspaper articles linked _____ and crime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “pyramid of prejudice” against marijuana |
|
Definition
Marijuana use associated with lower-class groups and recent immigrants
Regular references made in popular literature to the murdering cult of assassins as suggestive of the characteristics of the drug |
|
|
Term
| Within ____ minutes, most THC is gone from the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dryness of the mouth and throat |
|
Definition
| Effect of smoking mariuana |
|
|
Term
| No human overdose deaths have been reported for what drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marijuana smoke contains many, but not all of |
|
Definition
| of the same chemicals found in tobacco smoke |
|
|
Term
| Some evidence that ____ use reduces immunity to infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seniors who smoked marijuana peaked in the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____deliver pleasure and relief from anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduces the emotional response to pain and diminishes the patient’s awareness of, and response to, the aversive stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ depress respiratory centers in the brain |
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
Coma
Depressed respiration
Pinpoint pupils |
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