Term
| Increase activity throughout the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| substances that keep a person going mentally and physically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of restricted stimulants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of readily available stimulants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| POWERED COCAINE IS TOO STABLE TO BE SMOKED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bush that produces cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chewed coca leaves to give them greater strength and endurance |
|
|
Term
| The coca leaf was an important part |
|
Definition
Inca culture
Used in religious ceremonies and as currency |
|
|
Term
| Used coca leaf extract in many products including |
|
Definition
| lozenges, tea, and, especially, wine |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine is used medically today as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medical derivative of cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Experimented with ability of cocaine to produce local anesthesia |
|
Definition
| Dr. W. S. Halsted – had a cocaine addiction |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine was isolated before |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Studied use of cocaine as a treatment for depression and morphine dependence |
|
Definition
| Sigmund Freud – had a cocaine issue, used it with his patients |
|
|
Term
| Negative publicity about cocaine influenced the passage of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delivered cocaine via newly developed hypodermic syringe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Columbia selling coca paste is |
|
Definition
| 15% more profitable than selling any other produce |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine paste is made using |
|
Definition
| gasoline, sulfuric acid, ammonia and other harmful ingredients |
|
|
Term
| what farmer actually produce in Bolivia, Peru and other places |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what we are most familiar with; powder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crude extract created during the manufacture of cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can be mixed with tobacco and smoked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of pure cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable water-soluble salt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cannot smoke it, must be transformed into another base in order to be smoked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumps of dried, smokable cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prior to _____, the major form of the drug available was cocaine hydrochloride, which was snorted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crack cocine became available in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ cocaine has a greater abuse potential than ______ cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laws created about cocaine |
|
Definition
| Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Chewing or sucking coca leaves |
|
Definition
Minor effects
Slow absorption and onset of effects |
|
|
Term
| “Snorting” through nasal mucous membranes |
|
Definition
Not as fast as inhalation or injection
Rapid absorption and onset of effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most rapid and brief effects |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine is metabolized by |
|
Definition
| enzymes in the blood and liver |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine has a half-life of about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Local anesthetic properties of cocaine were discovered in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cocaine remains in use for surgery in the |
|
Definition
| nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions |
|
|
Term
| Acute cocaine toxicity causes profound CNS stimulation, which can lead to |
|
Definition
| respiratory or cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine combined with alcohol can cause the formation of the toxic chemical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risks of regularly snorting cocaine |
|
Definition
Damage to the nasal septum
Paranoid psychosis
Damage to the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
| Dependence is not guaranteed with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of dependence typical with stimulants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infants born to mothers that used during pregnancy
Didn’t ever have cognitive or learning disabilities
Born small, but caught up by the time they were 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Can be great because it is so rewarding for the user
Feel depressed because they are not getting pleasure from the drug |
|
|
Term
| Street cocaine averages about ______ percent pure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most illicit cocaine comes from |
|
Definition
| Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia |
|
|
Term
| about __ percent of adults currently use cocaine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sympathomimetic drug
Stimulates the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Use by soldiers in World War II to fight fatigue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amphetamine + heroin injected together = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Manufacture of methamphetamine is dangerous and associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methamphetamine abuse began in the ______ US and |
|
Definition
| western US and spread east |
|
|
Term
| Methamphetamine vs. Cocaine |
|
Definition
Methamphetamine
Stimulant
Man-made
Long-lasting high
50% of drug is removed in 12 hours
Increases dopamine release and blocks re-uptake
Limited medical use
Cocaine
Stimulant & local anesthetic
Plant-derived
Brief high
50% of drug is removed in 1 hour
Blocks dopamine re-uptake
Limited medical use |
|
|
Term
| designed to slow the system down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Include prescription drugs that treat anxiety (sedatives) and insomnia (hypnotics) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also called sedative-hypnotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most widely used depressant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most widely prescribed depressants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volatile solvents and other compounds used for intoxicating purposes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Have depressant effects similar to sedative-hypnotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “knockout drops,” “Mickey Finn” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first barbiturate to be used clinically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long-acting forms used for daytime relief of anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shorter-acting forms used to induce sleep |
|
|
Term
| Short-acting Barbiturates |
|
Definition
Time of onset: 15 minutes
Duration of action: 2 to 3 hours |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate-acting Barbiturates |
|
Definition
Time of onset: 30 minutes
Duration of action: 5 to 6 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Time of onset: 1 hour
Duration of action: 8 hours or longer |
|
|
Term
| Ultra-short acting barbiturate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first of the three drugs administered for the death penalty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ‘truth serum’ vibe about it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first modern antianxiety agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overprescribed; quickly became widely misused and abused |
|
Definition
| Methaqualone (“ludes” or “sopors”) |
|
|
Term
| One of the few drugs that moved in schedule |
|
Definition
Methaqualone (“ludes” or “sopors”)
1973: Put on Schedule II
1985: Put on Schedule I |
|
|
Term
| the first commercially marketed benzodiazepine |
|
Definition
| 1960: Introduction of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) |
|
|
Term
| Reduces anxiety without inducing sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overdose rare and usually only when combined with other depressants like alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psychological dependence more likely with drugs that have a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Physical dependence more likely with drugs that have a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1990s’ version of a “Mickey Finn” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Illegal in the United States: schedule 4 drug with schedule 1 penalties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Produces profound intoxication when mixed with alcohol |
|
Definition
Rohypnol
If pill is dropped into a drink it changes the color of the drink as a warning |
|
|
Term
Bond with brain receptors
Enhance the normally inhibitory effects of GABA |
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepines and barbiturates |
|
|
Term
| Selectively target the GABA-A receptor |
|
Definition
| Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics |
|
|
Term
| Seem to work better as sleeping pills than as antianxiety drugs |
|
Definition
| Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics |
|
|
Term
| Four benzodiazepines that are among the top 100 most commonly prescribed medications in the United States |
|
Definition
| (Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin, Valium) |
|
|
Term
| Concerns about use as sleeping agents |
|
Definition
| Hypnotics may induce tolerance, dependence, rebound insomnia, and “hangover” effects |
|
|
Term
| Falling Asleep Without Pills |
|
Definition
Have a regular sleep schedule
When you go to bed, turn out the lights and relax
Exercise regularly but not late in the evening
Prepare a comfortable sleep environment in terms of temperature and noise
Eat a light snack before bed
Avoid tobacco use
If you don’t fall asleep within 30 minutes, get up and do something relaxing before trying to fall asleep again
Do not nap during the day
Avoid chronic use of sleeping pills |
|
|
Term
| Two types of typical depressant abusers |
|
Definition
Older adults using prescription drug who develop tolerance and increase their dosage
Younger people who obtain drugs to get high; may take high doses and/or mix with alcohol |
|
|
Term
| Products that can be abused by inhalation |
|
Definition
| include gasoline, glue, paint, lighter fluid, spray cans, nail polish, correction fluid |
|
|
Term
| Four Categories of Inhalants |
|
Definition
Volatile solvents
Aerosols, Propellants, Gases
Anesthetics
Nitrites |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Volatile solvents |
|
Definition
| Paint, paint thinner and remover, nail polish remover, correction fluid, glues, cements |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Aerosols, Propellants, Gases |
|
Definition
| Spray paint, hair spray, lighters, whipped cream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Current and former medical anesthetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “Locker room,” “Rush,” “poppers” |
|
|
Term
| Nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”) was first used in the early |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relaxes blood vessels which increases blood flow, but also lowers blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abuse tends to occur as localized fads |
|
Definition
| Inhalants: Volatile Solvents |
|
|
Term
| Most abusers are very young |
|
Definition
| Inhalants: Volatile Solvents |
|
|
Term
| Nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”) was first used in the early |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relaxes blood vessels which increases blood flow, but also lowers blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abuse tends to occur as localized fads |
|
Definition
| Inhalants: Volatile Solvents |
|
|
Term
| Most abusers are very young |
|
Definition
| Inhalants: Volatile Solvents |
|
|
Term
| Naturally-occurring chemical found in the brain and body that is considered a date rape drug |
|
Definition
| Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid |
|
|
Term
| Date rape drug that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless |
|
Definition
| Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by excessive worry, fears, or avoidance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sometimes associated with panic attacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most don’t leave their home- idea of leaving causes anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thing or event causes excessive worry or fear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Debilitated by fear- thinks perfectly rational to be afraid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
Panic disorder
Specific phobia
Social phobia
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
| cannot be comfortable in crowds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors |
|
Definition
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
|
|
Term
| If rituals were not completed something bad would happen |
|
Definition
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
|
|
Term
| Constant anxiety without singular cause or reason |
|
Definition
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
| agitation and on edge constantly |
|
Definition
| Posttraumatic stress disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agitation and on edge constantly |
|
|
Term
| serious mental disorder involving loss of contact with reality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delusions and false beliefs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia is a _____ condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia typically Characterized by |
|
Definition
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech and behavior
Lack of emotional response
Causes significant interference with social and/or occupational functioning
Can be harmful to self or others
Lack of pleasure in everyday life
Lack of social cues |
|
|
Term
| Greater connection between moms and sons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia diagnosis typically happens between |
|
Definition
| late teenage and early twenties |
|
|
Term
| Mood disorders are characterized by |
|
Definition
| depressed or manic symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Major depression
Manic episodes
Bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
| Overwhelming sadness, worthlessness, helplessness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For depression to be considered major is must last for at lease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opposite of depressive episodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bipolar disorder tends to |
|
Definition
| alternate between manic and depressive episodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bipolar disorder with smaller swing of changes |
|
|
Term
| In the early twentieth century, many psychotic patients were suffering from |
|
Definition
| syphilitic infection of the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narcosis therapy was used to treat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early ways to 'treat' mental disorders |
|
Definition
Insulin-shock therapy
Narcosis therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy
sedatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lower insulin to put patients into a stupor |
|
|
Term
| Electroconvulsive therapy believed that |
|
Definition
| to cause brain to have a seizure then brain would rewire itself |
|
|
Term
| Called tranquilizers, neuroleptics, or antipsychotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenothiazines (antipychotics) |
|
Definition
| Drugs attempted to treat mental illness (psychotic symptoms) without sedation |
|
|
Term
| Treatment with phenothiazines (antipychotics) found to be more effective than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two groups of antipsychotics |
|
Definition
Conventional or Typical (introduced before mid-1990s)
Atypical (introduced in the past 10-15 years) |
|
|
Term
| difference between two groups of antipsychotics |
|
Definition
| only difference is when they came out |
|
|
Term
| Conventional or Typical antipsychotics introduced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotics introduced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of typical antipsychotics |
|
Definition
Rigidity and muscle spasms
Tremors and restlessness
Long term use- uncontrollable muscle movements
Side effects related to physical movement |
|
|
Term
| side effects of atypical antipsychotics |
|
Definition
Significant weight gain
Drowsiness and dizziness |
|
|
Term
| Antipsychotics produce ________, indicating a link to dopamine receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time delay in drug effects indicates that |
|
Definition
| the mechanism of action is probably more complex |
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotics block both |
|
Definition
| D2 dopamine and 5HT2A serotonin receptors |
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotics produce ____ pseudoparkinsonism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Safe in that they are not addictive and are difficult to use to commit suicide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncontrollable muscle movements |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants: Major Types |
|
Definition
Monoamine oxidase (MAOI) inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
|
|
Term
| Discovered when a drug for tuberculosis was found to also elevate mood |
|
Definition
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Believed to work by increasing the availability of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
|
Definition
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors replaced by |
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Discovered when researchers were working to create a better phenothiazine antipsychotic and found a drug that improved mood |
|
Definition
| Tricyclic Antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| Believed to work by reducing the uptake (and thereby increasing the availability) of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin |
|
Definition
| Tricyclic Antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| may work by reducing the uptake (and thereby increasing the availability) of serotonin |
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Safer than tricyclic antidepressants, less likely to lead to overdose deaths |
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Strong warning from FDA about an increased risk of suicidal tendencies in children and adolescents |
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| No significant difference between actually taking the medication and taking a placebo |
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Appear to work by increasing the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants have a lag time of about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most effective treatment for relieving severe depression |
|
Definition
| Electroconvulsive Therapy |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of Drug Treatment for Mental Illness |
|
Definition
Changes for psychiatrists
Civil rights issues relating to hospitalization
From hospital to jail or the street |
|
|
Term
| first psychoactive substance to become demonized in American culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saw alcohol as causing problems within the home |
|
Definition
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union |
|
|
Term
| States began passing prohibition laws in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volstead Act banned alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repealed Prohibition (18th Amendment) |
|
|
Term
| the last dry state became wet in 1966 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the state chose not to increase drinking age up to 21, then the federal government |
|
Definition
| didn't fund the building of their highway system |
|
|
Term
| Half of all alcohol consumed in the united states is consumed by |
|
Definition
| about 10 percent of the drinkers |
|
|
Term
| Average consumption among drinkers is about |
|
Definition
| 3 drinks per day, but most drink far less |
|
|
Term
| Standard drink has about ___ ounces of pure alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
12 ounces of beer
5 ounces of wine
1 ounce of 100 proof spirits
1.5 ounces of 80 proof spirits |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral Effects of alcohol |
|
Definition
Sexual behavior
Blackouts
Crime and violence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some memories can come back with some reminders |
|
|
Term
| alcohol use is statistically related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Physiological Effects of alcohol |
|
Definition
Peripheral circulation
Fluid balance
Hormonal effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilation of peripheral blood vessels means that drinkers lose body heat but feel warm |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol has a diuretic effect that can |
|
Definition
| lower blood pressure in some people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 drinks in a row for a man on a single occ.
4 drinks in a row for a woman on a single occ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| still functioning and moving around and talking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vomiting reflex suppressed at BACs above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only way to avoid a hangover! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Body processes out ____ drink an hour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder |
|
Definition
| is a series of mental and physical birth defects that can include mental retardation, growth deficiencies, central nervous system dysfunction, craniofacial abnormalities and behavioral maladjustment's. |
|
|
Term
| the #1 cause of preventable mental retardation in the Western world |
|
Definition
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder |
|
|
Term
| Physical evidence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder |
|
Definition
skin folds at corners of eyes
short nose
low nasal bridge
indistinct philtrum
small head circumference
small eye opening
small midface
thin upper lip |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of FAS in America is ____ cases per 1,000 live births |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drinking during pregnancy increases risk of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is medically more severe and more deadly than opioid withdrawal |
|
Definition
| Alcohol abstinence syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Stages of Alcohol abstinence syndrome |
|
Definition
Stage 1: tremors, rapid heartbeat, hypertension, heavy sweating, loss of appetite, insomnia
Stage 2: hallucinations (auditory, visual, and/or tactile)
Stage 3: delusions, disorientation, delirium
Stage 4: seizures |
|
|
Term
| Alcoholics Anonymous view alcohol dependence as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| only treatment for alcohol dependence is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| APA includes alcohol as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a maladaptive pattern indicated by continued use despite knowledge of having persistent problems caused by alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves more serious psychosocial characteristics and includes the physiological factors of tolerance and withdrawal among the possible symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Most widely used psychoactive drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Belongs to a class of chemicals known as xanthines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| espresso mixed with milk and steamed milk foam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| espresso with steamed milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (thicker); similar to black coffee, grounds heated in pot and grounds settle to the bottom of cup |
|
|
Term
| Annual per capita tea consumption |
|
Definition
4.5 pounds in the United Kingdom
1/2 pound in the United States |
|
|
Term
| Preparation: tea leaves are |
|
Definition
Dried
Rolled to crush the cells in the leaves
Placed in a cool, damp place for fermentation (oxidation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is greenish-brown and consists of partially oxidized leaves |
|
|
Term
| Iced tea accounts for __ percent of all tea consumed in the U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Herbal teas contain a mix of |
|
Definition
| plant leaves and flowers but no actual tea |
|
|
Term
| Tea contains a very small amount of |
|
Definition
|
|
