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| paint developed after World War I and made from synthetic materials, plastics, and polymers |
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occupied by the objects, shapes, or forms in an artowkr; also called the figure
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| the basic visual components of any artwork; also called sensory porperties; consists of line, shape, form, space, color, and texture |
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| consists of a series of interrupted dots or lines that the eye connects |
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irregular shapes and forms, also called organic
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the area around the positive space; sometimes called the ground
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projecting boldly from the surface
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| projecting only slightly from the surface |
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the visible border of an object
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| also called atmospheric perspective; is a technique that takes into account the way that fog, smoke, and airborne particles change the appearance of things when they are viewed from a distance |
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| perspective that is founded on the visual phenomenom that, as lines recede into the distance, they appear to converge and eventually vanish at a point on the horizon |
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formed from the mixture of two primary colors
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made by combining a primary and an adjacent secondary color
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| the organization of colors into a visual scheme; developed in the eighteenth century, though the underlying concepts were developed by Sir Isaac Newton in the seventeenth century |
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used when discussing the lightness or darkness of a color or of grey
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created when white is added to a color
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created when black is added to a color
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refers to the brightness or purity of a color
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refers to hues that are opposite from each other on the color wheel
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| color schemes that use only one hue |
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color schemes that use three primary, three secondary, and three tertiary colors
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color schemes that use hues next to each other on the color wheel
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the true color of an object or area as seen in normal daylight
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refers to the effect that special lighting has on the color of objects
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colors used by artisits for their emotional or aesthetic impact
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| an illusion of a textured surface |
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texture that can be created through thick brushstrokes; an example is impasto
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refers to how things feel or how we think they would feel if touched
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principles of composition
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| the means that artists use to organize the elements of art to create an effective composition; consists of rhythm, movement, pattern, balance, contrast, emphasis, variety, proportion, and unity; also called formal properties |
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the principle that we associate with movement or pattern
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| occurs when two or more motifs are used alternately |
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a single element of a pattern
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involves the repetition of certain elements
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| refers to the distribution of visual weight in a work of art |
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| a balance achieved when elements of the composition are repeated exactly on both sides of the central axis |
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shapes or objects are slightly varied on either side of the central axis
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| a visual balance that is achieved through the organization of unlike objects |
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creates interest to the eye
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the place where the eye tends to rest in an artwork
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the quality in an artwork of appearing more dominant, more important
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created through the use of emphasis and contrast
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a principle concerned with the size relationships among the parts of a composition
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refers to the dimensional relation of the parts of a composition
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| a ratio between two dimensions of a plane figure or two divisions of a line such that the smaller is to the larger as the larger is to the sum of the two - a ratio of roughly 3:5 |
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refers to the overall harmony or congruity among the various elements of a composition
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involves the placement of separate objects close together or in groups
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consists of placing lines closely side by side
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a process in which lines are crisscrossed to create shading
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artists use this to create different values by making a pattern of dots
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| the clarity value of undiluted ink |
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the clarity value of ink with water added to it
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finely ground materials that may be natural or synthetic
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holds the grains of pigment together and allows the paint to adhere to a surface
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can be added to paint to thin it, slow its drying time, to make it thicker, or to speed the drying time
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| a type of painting that is usually used to paint on walls or ceilings; in creating one of these, the artist mixes pure powdered pigments with water and applies the mix to a wet plaster ground (called buon or "true" fresco) |
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| the artist applies paints to dry rather than wet plaster in this type of fresco |
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thin, transparent or semi-transparent layers that are applied over another color to alter it slightly
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when paint is applied thickly or in heavy lumps this type of surface is created
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wax-based paint that is fused with the surface via the application of hot irons
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a water-baed opaque paint that is similar to school-quality tempera, but is of higher quality
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the most common water-based paint; is transparent and is applied to canvas in several successive layers
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| refers to a group of mechanically aided two-dimensional processes that permit the production of multiple original artworks |
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| in this type of printmaking, the artist cuts away parts from the surface of the plate* |
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| rolls ink over the surface of a plate in printmaking |
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rubs a plate to force ink onto paper in printmaking
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| in this type of printmaking, lines are incised on the wood or soft metal plate* |
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| a process in which carving tools are used to cut lines into the surface of a plate |
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a process in which the design of a plate is incised in a layer of wax or varnish on a copper plate*
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| a process in which an image is drawn with a waxy pencil or crayon directly on a plate, which can be made of stone, zinc, or aluminum* |
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| in this process, a photograph or other image is transferred or adhered to a silk or synthetic that has been stretched onto a frame* |
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| the name given to a category of artworks in which the artist uses several traditional art media, sometimes with found materials |
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a kind of mixed media in which artists combine various materials such as photographs, unusual papers, theater tickets, etc.
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| a process in whch some of the original material is removed, like carving |
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a process in which a soft, workable material like clay, wax, plaster, or papier-mache is formed by hand, like modeling
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| a mold that is used to create one or more casts of an original form |
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a medium based upon the use of natural materials; also called ceramics
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a term used to describe pots that are created with a potter's wheel
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| a type of oven used to heat and harden ceramics |
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a portable form of wealth
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also known as [i]cire perdue[/i], this process forms a mold into which molten gold or silver is poured
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| woven and nonwoven materials that form soft sculpture |
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art forms that are created when woven or felted fiber is sewn and the piece is stuffed
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the art and science of designing and constructing buildings
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a method in which a long stone or wooden beam is placed horizontally across upright posts
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| art that is usually large in scale, is constructed onsite, and is usually not permanent; the artwork tends to redefine the space in which it is installed |
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art in which the artist does some kind of performance, sometimes involving the viewers
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