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| Declaration of Independence |
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| A document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed on July 4, 1776, by the congressional representatives of the Thirteen Colonies, including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams |
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| a system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power |
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| The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe to mobilize the power of reason to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed intolerance and abuses in Church and state. It promoted self-government/democracy. It originated about 1650-1700, sparked by philosophers Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), John Locke (1632–1704), Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) and scientist Isaac Newton (1643–1727). |
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| the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units (States). Debates over expansion of Federal power includes: Nullification Crisis, Expansion of Slavery, creation of National Bank |
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| the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress |
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| formally approved and invested with legal authority |
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| A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch |
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| A Christian group founded in England about 1650, which opposes violence, slavery, and war. |
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| The conservation of forests, also known as nature conservation, is a political and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future. |
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| An island in the bay of New York that served as an entry point for immigrants to the US 1892–1943 and as a detention center for people awaiting deportation until 1954. It is now part of a national monument and houses an immigration museum |
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| A religion founded by Joseph Smith in New York in the 1820s, later brought out west to settle in Salt Lake City, Utah by Brigham Young after facing discrimination. |
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| The introduction of the factory system, that is, specialized establishments where there is the centralization of power-driven machinery and where workers gather specifically for the purpose of production. |
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A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering
Abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market |
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| The power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges |
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| Liberal movement within American Protestantism that attempted to apply biblical teachings to problems associated with industrialization. Issues include child labor laws, rights for working women. |
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| Progressivism is a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform. Prominent Progressives include Teddy Roosevelt and W.H. Taft. Accomplishments include Sherman Anti-Trust Act, creation of Food and Drug Administration. |
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| The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform |
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| The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair.[1] Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the life of the immigrant in the United States, but readers were more concerned with the large portion pertaining to the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century, and the book is now often interpreted and taught as only an exposure of the industry of meatpacking. |
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| Less than ethical, ruthless businessmen in the late 1800’s such as Andrew Carnegie, JP Morgan and John D. Rockefeller |
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