Term
slightly displaced by the liver, the right kidney is sutated slighely, _ than the lefet |
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Definition
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Term
the entire blood supply circulates through the kidnesy every _ |
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Definition
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Term
the kidney is divded into an outer layer called the _ and an inner layer called the _ |
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Definition
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Term
the functional unit of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
each kidney has _ nephrons |
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Definition
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Term
a mass of blood vessels tucked into the cuplike bowman capsule |
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Definition
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Term
a muscular tube liend with mucous membranes that carries urin from the bladder out of the body |
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Definition
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Term
the urethra is about _ long in men and _ in women |
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Definition
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Term
three processes that occur in urine production |
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Definition
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion |
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Term
an ultrafriltration process in the glomerular capsule |
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Definition
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Term
plasma proteins are too large to pass through the glomerulus and therfor remain |
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Definition
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Term
the product of glomerular filtration is called the |
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Definition
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Term
flomerular filtrate contains |
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Definition
water, electrolytes, glucose, urea, creatinnin, uric acid and amino acids |
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Term
reabsorption occurs through |
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Definition
diffusion, active transport and osmosis |
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Term
the reabsorption of water reflects the ability of the kidney to _ urine as necesssary |
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Definition
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Term
the amount of water reabsorbed is influenced by |
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Definition
antidiuretic hromone and aldosterone |
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Term
_ are secreted into the tubules form the blood |
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Definition
potassium and hydrogen ions |
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Term
the end product of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular extretion is |
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Definition
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Term
urin is composed mostly of |
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Definition
water, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine and uric acid |
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Term
the presence of proteins in urin indicates |
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Definition
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Term
voluntary control of voiding is exhibited in the |
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Definition
initiation, restraint, and interruption fo urin flow |
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Term
a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands to maintain serum calcium levels |
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Definition
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Term
relesed in response to inadequate rnal, blood flow or low arterial pressure |
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Definition
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Term
stimulates tubular reabsorption of sodium and water and plasma volume is expanded |
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Definition
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Term
age changes in the kidneys |
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Definition
decline in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration decreased ability to concentrate and dilute urin as needed slowed clearing of wastes higher threshold for glucose to appear in the urine when hyperglycemic nocturia increased risk of infection r/t incomplete bladder emptying |
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Term
painful urination is called |
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Definition
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Term
loss of urin with laughing or sneezing is typical of |
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Definition
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Term
the inability to hold urin whe nfeeling the need to void |
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Definition
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Term
the presence of crystals on the skin |
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Definition
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Term
swishing sunds caused by turbulent blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
a dull sound on percussion may be heard over a |
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Definition
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Term
a urin specimen is examined for |
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Definition
color, pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, blood, ketones, and bilirubin |
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Term
normal urin is straw colored and slightly |
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Definition
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Term
specific gravity is a measure of |
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Definition
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Term
permits indentification of microorgansims present in the urine |
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Definition
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Term
determines which anitbiotics will be most effective against the specific organims |
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Definition
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Term
the rate at which the kidney remvoves creatinine from the blood |
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Definition
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Term
the best test of overall kidney function |
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Definition
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Term
a general indicator of the kidneys' ability to excrete urea, an end product of protein metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
factors that increase BUN in addition to renal failure |
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Definition
neprotoxic drugs, high protein diet, gastrointestinal bleeding, dehydration, myocardial infacrtionk shock, burns and sepsis |
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Term
a waste product of skeletal muscle break down |
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Definition
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Term
the level of creatinien in the blood is an indication fo the the kidneys ability to excrete |
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Definition
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Term
a radiograph that provides a general outline of the kidneys revealing their apporximate size and contour |
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Definition
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Term
a KUB is not done on _ and hsould be done _ any other studies that require contrast media |
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Definition
pregnant patients, before |
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Term
a diagnostic procedure in which a radiographic contrast medium is injected IV |
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Definition
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Term
radiographs of the kub are taken at |
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Definition
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Term
as the contrast for invravenous pyelogram is concetrated by the kidneys and extred through the ureture into the bladder _ can be assessed |
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Definition
kidney function and structures, ureter size and patency,b ladder size and hspae, prescence of caluli or other obstructions |
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Term
IVP is contraindicated in older adult pt with known _ and in pts with _ |
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Definition
renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus or multiple myeloma |
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Term
permits study of the renaly blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
renal arteriogram is used to diagnose |
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Definition
renal artery stenosis, aneurysms, vascular tumors, renal cysts, and renal infarctions |
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Term
this procdure is useful in detecting reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
size, shape and location of kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
renal infarctions, aterosclerosis, trauma or rejection of transplan, indifies primary renal disease |
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Term
a CT scan is sueful in detecting |
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Definition
kidney size, tumors, abscesses, obstruction and adrenal masses and tumors |
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Term
for CT san ass the pt for |
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Definition
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Term
perfomred ot obtain a specimen of renal tissue for direct microscopic examination |
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Definition
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Term
renal biopsy is usually done to evaluate conditoins leading ot |
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Definition
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Term
a surgical procdure in which an incision is made in the flank and a specime of kidney tissu is removed |
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Definition
the open method for renal biopsy |
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Term
invloves insertion of a needle under fluroscopy or ultrasonography to aspirate the tissue specimen |
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Definition
closed method for renal biopsy |
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Term
for the closed renal biopsy proceudre the pt must be able to lie in the prone position with a blanket roll under the lwoer abdomen for up to |
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Definition
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Term
the most serious complication of a renal biopsy is |
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Definition
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Term
the direct visualatio of the interior of the urethra, bladder an dureteral orifices |
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Definition
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Term
the cystosopy allows the health care provider to |
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Definition
observe lesions, locate sources of bleeding and take biopsy samples |
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Term
treatments that can be perfomred with cytoscopy |
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Definition
cauterizaiton of lesions, removal of calculi, tumors or foreign materials, implantaion of radium seeds, insertion of ureteral catheters control of bleeding |
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Term
effects common after cytoscopy |
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Definition
back pain, bladder spasms, urinary frequency, burning on urination |
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Term
may be ordered to reduce bladder spasms after cytoscopy |
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Definition
delladonna and opium suppositories |
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Term
rare but shoiuld be suspected if the pt has sever abdominal pain after cytoscopy |
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Definition
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Term
measrue the rate and volume of urin flow during voiding |
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Definition
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Term
involves placing a catheter into the bladder and filling the bladder with contrast material followed by radiographs |
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Definition
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Term
cystogram outliens the contour of the bladder and shows _ of urin from the bladder into the ureters |
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Definition
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Term
cystograms are useful in diagnosing |
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Definition
neurogenic bladders, fistulas, tumors, ruptured bladders |
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Term
used to evealuat bladder tone in the patient with incontinece or with a neruogenic bladder |
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Definition
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Term
for the cystometrogram a _ is inserted into the bladder and fluid is instilled until the pt reports the urge to _ |
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Definition
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Term
less than _ of residual urin is considered normal |
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Definition
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Term
the capacity of the renal pelvis is only |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
a nonivasive procedure used to break up calculi |
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Definition
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