Term
| most utis are _ but they can be caused by _ |
|
Definition
| bacterial. viruses, yeastes, and fungi |
|
|
Term
| inflamamation of the urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| urethriis may be caused by |
|
Definition
| microorganisms, trauma, hypersensitivity to chemicals in products |
|
|
Term
| products that contribute to urethritis |
|
Definition
| vaginal deodorants, spermicidal jellies, bubble bath detergents |
|
|
Term
| most frequently identified cuasative microorganisms of urethritis |
|
Definition
| escherichia coli, chlamydia, trichonomans, neisseria, gnorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus type 2 |
|
|
Term
| sighns and symptoms of urethritis |
|
Definition
| dysuria, frequency, urgency, blader spasms, urethral discarges |
|
|
Term
| urethritis is diagnosed based on pt |
|
Definition
| s & s, urinalysis, urethral smear |
|
|
Term
| used to treat urethritis when it is caused by microorganisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are soothing and may reduce the pain of uretrhitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in pt with urethritis discourage |
|
Definition
| bubble baths and vaginal deoderant sprays |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the urinary bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other risk factors for cystitis include |
|
Definition
| prologned immobility, renal calculi, urinary diversion, indwelling catheters, radiation therapy and treatment with some types of chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| systitis in the absence of other patholgy of the urinary tract is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of cystitis include |
|
Definition
| urgency, frequency, dysuria, hematuria, nocturina, bladder spasms, incontinenc, low grade fever |
|
|
Term
| in cystitis the urin may be |
|
Definition
| dark, teac colorder or cloudy |
|
|
Term
| common sympoms of systitis |
|
Definition
| fever, fatigue, plevic or abdominal discomfort |
|
|
Term
| in cystitis bladder spasms may be experienced as |
|
Definition
| pain behind the symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
| the prescenced of bacteria does not mean that the pt has an infection unless the pt also has ____ in the urin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibiotics that concentrate in urine |
|
|
Term
| may be ordered to decrease bladder spasms |
|
Definition
| oxybutynin chloride (ditropan) |
|
|
Term
| cystitis pt needs ot comsume at least _ of fluid perday and _ |
|
Definition
| 30 ml/kg, void frequently |
|
|
Term
| advise the pt taking penazopyridine that the drug causes an ______ urine color that may stain skin and clothing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug that relieves burning on urination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an inflammatory disease of the bladder that is usuallly chronic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of interstitial cystitis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interstitial cystitis pt typically respordes moderate to severe |
|
Definition
| pelvic and bladder pain as wells as urinary frequency and urgency |
|
|
Term
| interstitial systitis is diagnosed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs that are sometimes helful for interstitial cystitis |
|
Definition
| antidepressants, antispasmodics, bladder anesthetics, calcium chanal blockers, urine alkalinizers, nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs |
|
|
Term
| a drug that brings symptomatic relief of interstitial cystitis |
|
Definition
| pentosan polysulfate (elmiron) |
|
|
Term
| surgical removal of the bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammatio of the renal pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute pyelonephritis is most often caused by an ascending _ infection but it may be _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may be persistent or recurrent and results in damage ot the renal parecnchyma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pylenephritis is most often the result of ______ from inadequated closure of the uretovesical junction during voiding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| progressive scarring r/t pyelonephritis results in atrophy of the affected |
|
Definition
| kidneys and development of hypertension and renal ischemia |
|
|
Term
| chronic pyelonephritis usually caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s&s of acute pyelonephritis includ |
|
Definition
| high fever, chils, nausea, vomitting, dysuria, sever pain or constant dull pain in flank area |
|
|
Term
| the pt with chronci pyelonephritis ofte reports |
|
Definition
| bladder irritation, chronic fatigue, slight aching over one or both kidneys |
|
|
Term
| the goal of treatment for pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| very important for the pt with pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| adequate foods and fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bouding pulse, rising bp, dyspnea and edema |
|
|
Term
| polycistic kidney disease is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of polycystic kidney disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polycystic kidney disease is characterized by _____ in place of normal kidney tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as the kidneys los the ability to concentrate urine ____ develops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s&s of polycystic kidney disease |
|
Definition
| dull, aching abdominal, lower back, or flank pain, or starts with abrupt colicky pain |
|
|
Term
| immunologic diesease characterized by inflammation of the capilary lops in the glomeruli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&s of glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| tea colored urin as output decreases, peripheral/periobital edema, |
|
|
Term
| as glomerular filtration decreses mild to severe ______ results |
|
Definition
| hypertension and hypervolemia |
|
|
Term
| acute glomerulonephritis is treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indicated if evidence of current streptococcal infection exists w/ glumerolnephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the accued phase of glomerulonephritis _ may be ordered to treat or prevent __ from fluid overload |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may be restricted until sufficient recovery of kindy function occurs r/t gluomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| fluids, soduim, potassium, protein |
|
|
Term
| during acute illness discourage _ to allow the kidneys to heal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formation of calculi in the urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most calculi are precipitations of |
|
Definition
| calcium salts, uric acid, magnesium ammonium phospate or cystine |
|
|
Term
| low _ intake is associated with calculi formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uti's caused by _ are associated with calculi because thes organisms cuase the urin to become _ |
|
Definition
proteusm klesiella, pseudomonas
alkaline |
|
|
Term
| omost calculi orinate in the _ and travel trouh the __ to the __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the patient's reason for seeking care r/t renal calculi is usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suggests a calculus in the renal pelvis or stretching of the renal capsul from urine retention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if a calculus lodges in a ureter the pt usually has excruciating pain in the __ that radiates to the _ |
|
Definition
| abdomen, groin or perineum |
|
|
Term
| may accompany pain related to renal calculi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment options for renal calculi include |
|
Definition
| placement of a uerethral stent, lithotripsy, cystoscopic stone removal, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy |
|
|
Term
| shattering of the calculus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lithotripsy uses _ to shatter the stones |
|
Definition
| sound, laser, dry shock wave energy |
|
|
Term
| after lithotrips the urine is often a _ color at first gradually turning to a _ |
|
Definition
| bright-red, dark red or smoky shade |
|
|
Term
| possible complications of lithotripsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stones in the bladder can often be crushed and removed using |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when stones are large or cannot be broken with lithotripsy a _ may be done |
|
Definition
| percutaneous nephrolithotomy |
|
|
Term
| the incision of an organ or duct to remvoe a calculus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sugrical procedure used if the calculus is in the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| removal of a calculus from the renal pelvis is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| removal of a calculus from a ureter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an appropriate fluid intake is judged by a urine output of at least |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs that may be used in prevention of renal calculi |
|
Definition
| thiazide diuretics and uallopurinol |
|
|
Term
| thiazide diuretics are for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distentions of the kidney with urin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal colic is often accompanied by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bruising over the flank and lower back that occurs with retroperitoneal bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common indication of urologic trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal malignancies metastasize to the |
|
Definition
| liver, long bones and other kidney |
|
|
Term
| most common signs of bladder cancer |
|
Definition
| painless itermittent hematuria, bladder irritability, infectoin with dysuria, frequency,urgency, decreased stream of urin |
|
|
Term
| superficial cancers involve only the |
|
Definition
| bladder mucosa or submucosa |
|
|
Term
| the removal of tissue through a cytosope with a special cutting issue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| use of electric current to burn and destroy tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| use of an intense beam of light to destroy tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| done for a single primary tumor too large to remove by systoscopic resection |
|
Definition
| segmental bladder resection |
|
|
