Term
| Name some common urine tests? |
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Definition
1)Urinalysis ( UA ) – 12ml
2)Dipstick
3)Specific gravity
4)pH
5)glucose
6)ketones
6)bilirubin
7)osmolality
(Microscopic)
WBC, RBC, crystals, casts bacteria
Urine Culture & Sensitivity (C&S)-1 ml |
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Term
| What is the typical characteristics of a normal urine sample? |
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Definition
Color:pale yellow to amber
Appearance: Clear to slightly hazy
Odor: Aromatic
Turbidity: Clear or translucent
pH: about 6(range 4.6 to 8)
Specific Gravity: 1.015 to 1.025 |
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Term
| How much urine is required for a typical urinalysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the normal range for urine output? |
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Definition
1 - 2L/day, 60 ml/hr normal
≤ 30 ml may indicate renal alteration |
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Term
| What is urine's composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What methods are used to collect a urine specimen? |
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Definition
Clean/midstream catch
Sterile Specimen |
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Term
What are considered normal values for common urine tests;
1)Specific Gravity
2)pH
3)glucose
4)ketones
5)bilirubin
6)osmolality |
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Definition
1)Specific Gravity: 1.015 to 1.025
2)pH: about 6(range 4.6 to 8)
3)glucose(negative)/24hr(1-15mg/dL
4)ketones(negative)/<0.3mg/dL
5)bilirubin(negative)0-0.02mg/dL
6)osmolality(300-900 mOsm/kg of H2O) |
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Term
| What is considered insufficient urine output? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much water should an adult drink on avg.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps for caring for patients with Indwelling Catheters? |
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Definition
1)Keep drainage bag below level of bladder to avoid urine back flow
2)Make sure all connections between catheter & bag are secure
3)Do Not place any part of urinary drainage system on the floor
4)Keep tubing from becoming kinked or blocked
5)Empty bag when full or q8h, whichever comes first
6)Maintain meticulous peri care
7)Accurate I & O
8)Report any problems: leaking, bleeding, irritation |
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Term
| What are common nursing interventions to promote urination in patients w/or w/o the ability to void? |
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Definition
| With patients that can void you are re-enforcing their established habits. With patients who can't you are establishing habits such as; Urination schedules, urinating when you have the urge to void, providing the patient with privacy, having the patient urinate in their accustomed position, Getting patients as close has possible to their normal hygiene regimen while in a healthcare setting. |
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Term
| What is the length of the female urethra? male? |
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Definition
| 1.5 - 2 inches in females. 6 - 8 inches in males. |
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Term
| How much urine does the bladder normally hold? Max? |
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Definition
| Usually 500ml with a max of almost 2000ml. |
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Term
| What factors can influence urination? |
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Definition
1)Growth and Development
2)Medication
3)Sociocultural and Psychological
4)Personal Habits
5)Fluid Volume Status
6)Health Condition |
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Term
| When charting the installation of an indwelling catheter, what info should be included? |
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Definition
1)Date and Time of procedure
2)Name/description of procedure done,
solution used
3)Amount of urine obtained
4)Description of urine
5)Patient’s response to procedure
6)Type/size of cath amt. Fld to inflate balloon |
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Term
| What is the process for removing a catheter? |
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Definition
1)Check order
2)Explain procedure to patient
3)Gather equipment
4)never cut catheter tubing or deflate balloon prior to removing
5)Wear clean gloves
6)Have patient take a deep breath & exhale, then steadily remove cath into paper towel
7)Give patient wash cloth or provide pericare
8)Document procedure and person’s response
8)Check on person’s ability to void during next 2-3 hrs.
9)Know if a specimen is required prior to removal |
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Term
| How do you obtain a sterile urine sample? |
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Definition
1)In/Out or Straight catheterization
2)Withdrawn from Indwelling foley cath |
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Term
| How do you obtain an unsterile urine sample? |
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Definition
1)Voided
2)Clean Catch Midstream
3)Double Voided |
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Term
| What is the process for doing a urinary catheterization? |
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Definition
1)Maintain aseptic technique
2)Check MD order
3)Explain procedure and check for allergies
4)Gather equipment have enough help
5)Have a good light source
6)Cleanse area and check meatus prior to beginning procedure
7)Make sure you have a good view of urethral meatus prior to inserting catheter
8)Do Not expose patient unnecessarily
9)NEVER inflate balloon in urethra!! 10)Advance after urine return
11)Document procedure and response |
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Term
| What are some important concerns regarding avoiding higher UTI rates? |
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Definition
1)Incomplete emptying increases risk of UTI
2)Female at > risk due to proximity to anus and short urethra
3)Increased risk of infection with increased sexual activity
4)Intro of any instrument into the urinary tract is associated with higher rate of UTI |
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Term
| What is autonomic bladder? |
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Definition
| People whose bladders are no longer controlled by the brain because of injury or disease void by reflex only. |
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Term
| What are some common drugs that are nephrotoxic? |
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Definition
| aspirin, ibuprofen, and some antibiotics |
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Term
| What color can anticoagulants turn urine to? |
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Definition
| The may cause hematuria and turn urine pink or red. |
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Term
| Pyridium can change urine to what color(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| What color can urine turn if a person is taking Elavil (an antidepressant) or B-complex vitamins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What color can urine turn if the person is taking Levodopa or iron compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| When assessing a patient for urinary elimination, what components should your assessment include? |
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Definition
1)History - Collection of data about the patient’s voiding patterns,habits, and difficulties and a history of current or past urinary problems
2)Physical Assessment - Physical examination of the bladder, if indicated, andurethral meatus; assessment of skin integrity and hydra-tion; and examination of the urine |
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Term
| A routine urinalysis requires a sterile specimen? True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| What known abnormalities should not be present in a urine sample? |
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Definition
| The presence of any of the following: glucose, protein, blood, bilirubin, or bacteria |
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Term
| What nursing measures can be utilized to prevent UTI's? |
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Definition
1)Drink 8 to 10, 8oz glasses of water/day
2)Dry the perineal area from front to back after urination/defecation
3)Drink 2 glasses of water before & after sex and void after
4)Takes showers rather than baths
5)Wear underwear with a cotton crotch
6)Drink 10 oz of cranberry or blueberry juice daily. |
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Term
| What treatment options are available to help manage urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
1)Behavioral techniques (Kegel exercises, Biofeedback, Electrical stimulation, Timed voiding or bladder training)
2)Pharmacologic Treatment (Treatment depends on the type of incontinence, Estrogen therapy for postmenopausal women,Collagen may be injected into the tissue around the urethra to add bulk and help close the urethral opening
3)Mechanical Treatment (Pessaries: A stiff ring that is inserted into the vagina, where it helps to re-position the urethra, External barriers, Urethral insert: Small device, like a plug, that fits into the urethra, Surgical intervention: Used as a last resort |
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Term
| What are the guidelines for caring for a patient with a urinary diversion? |
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Definition
1)Inspect the patient's stoma regularly
2)Note the size of the stoma, which usually stabilizes within 6 to 8 weeks. Most stomas protrude 1/2 to 1 from the abdominal surface
3)Keep the skin around the stoma site (peristomal area)clean and dry
4)Measure the patient’s fluid intake and output regularly
5)Keep the patient as free of odors as possible. Empty the appliance frequently
6)Monitor the return of intestinal function and peristalsis.
7)If the patient has an ileal conduit, mucus may appear in the urine as a normal finding
8)Explain each aspect of care to the patient and explainwhat his or her role will be when he or she begins self-care
9)Encourage the patient to participate in care and to look at the stoma. |
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