Term
|
Definition
| measure of dissolved solutes in a solution |
|
|
Term
| Specific Gravity of Normal Urine is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When the bladder contains of ___to___ml
urine stretch receptors send sensory impulses to the voiding reflex center in the spinal cord |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer of the urinary bladder wall made of smooth muscle fibers arranged in spiral, longitudinal, and circular bundles. |
|
|
Term
| stretching of the bladder signals the parasympathetic nervous system to contract the ______ ______. This encourages the bladder to expel urine through the urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the internal sphincter is/is not under voluntary control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of dissolved solutes in a solution Specific gravity of distilled water is 1.000 |
|
|
Term
| Newborns produce __ to __ ml of urine per kilogram of body weight per day |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Newborns do not concentrate urine well and void up to __ times per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a well hydrated infant will produce _ to __ wet diapers per day |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a repeated inability to control urination. |
|
|
Term
| bed wetting occurs in __to __% of 5 year-old children. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________ ___ is the most important
functional deficit caused by aging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The size and function of the kidney begin to decrease by the age of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By age 80 only (fraction) of functional nephrons remain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loss of elasticity in the bladder wall
leads to: |
|
Definition
nocturnal frequency and retention which
can lead to bladder infections |
|
|
Term
| In Older men the prostate gland may be enlarged leading to: |
|
Definition
| increased frequency, hesitancy in starting the stream of urine, reduced force of the stream and dribbling. |
|
|
Term
| Delaying urination can lead to: |
|
Definition
| bladder infections due to urinary stasis |
|
|
Term
| Situations that can inhibit voiding include: |
|
Definition
| Anxiety, Lack of Time, Lack of Privacy |
|
|
Term
| Caffeine: coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate act as: |
|
Definition
| diuretics and increase urine production |
|
|
Term
Alcohol impairs the release of ___, resulting in increased
production of urine |
|
Definition
antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
water retention and decreases
urine production |
|
|
Term
| Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) is |
|
Definition
| a bladder analgesic that turns the urine a deep red-orange color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat HTN by lowering the sodium and water in the body they also dilate blood vessels thus lower blood pressure
hydorDIURIL, Lozol |
|
|
Term
| Potassium-sparing diuretics: |
|
Definition
reduce the amount of water in the body they do not cause potassium loss
Dyrenium, aldactone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potassium-sparing diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cause the kidneys to excrete more urine by reabsorbing less water.
This reduces the amount of water in the body and lowers blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Medications that have significant interactions with diuretics: |
|
Definition
Digoxin
Antihypertensives
Lithium
cyclosporine |
|
|
Term
| Common Side Effects of Diuretics |
|
Definition
Weakness, Muscle cramps, Skin rash
Increased sensitivity to sunlight (with thiazide diuretics)
Dizziness, Lightheadedness, joint pain |
|
|
Term
| These medications damage the kidneys: |
|
Definition
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Amphotericin B (Amphotec, a fungicide)
High dose long term use of aspirin and ibuprofen |
|
|
Term
| Anesthetic Agents (+/-) blood pressure and GFR thus (+/-) urine formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unilateral hydronephrosis is |
|
Definition
| swelling of one kidney due to a backup of urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impaired neurological function-flaccid or spastic causing involuntary loss of urine |
|
|
Term
| Systemic infection-fever causes the kidneys to: |
|
Definition
| reabsorb and retain water |
|
|
Term
| Kidneys produce __ to __mL per hour or ____mL per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To interpret data you must know the input and the output as well as the other relevant information: |
|
Definition
Renal function
CV function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cleanse the genitalia before voiding and collect midstream specimen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To determine presence of urinary tract infection(collect via a catheter) NOT from collection bag…do not disconnect the catheter from drainage tube |
|
|
Term
| 24 hour Urine Collection: |
|
Definition
| Used to evaluate renal disorders…use a large container and preserve all urine voided in a 24 hour period… |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicates urine concentration by measuring the extent to which a beam of light is refracted when passed through the urine(for small amts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pts to monitor closely for urinary output. |
|
Definition
| CNS surgical pt.s, geriatric, renal |
|
|
Term
| examples of loop acting diurectics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loop-acting diuretics cause the kidneys to: |
|
Definition
| excrete more urine by reabsorbing less water. This reduces the amount of water in the body and lowers blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| muscle cramps symptom of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an aminoglycoside antibiotic; nephrotoxic, run very slowly over at least one hour. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transurethral resection of the prostate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bulging of bladder into weakened vaginal walls. |
|
|
Term
| Medications that have significant interactions with diuretics: |
|
Definition
Digoxin
Antihypertensive-
Lithium -especially when taking thiazide or loop diuretics
The immunosuppressant, cyclosporine…especially when taking a potassium sparing diuretic |
|
|
Term
| Common Side Effects of Diuretics: |
|
Definition
Weakness
Muscle cramps
Skin rash
Increased sensitivity to sunlight (with thiazide diuretics)
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Joint pain |
|
|
Term
| These medications damage the kidneys |
|
Definition
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Bactericide B (Amphotec, a fungicide)
High dose long term use of aspirin and ibuprofen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decrease blood pressure and GFR thus decreasing urine formation.
Spinal anesthesia decreases awareness of need to void and can result in bladder distention |
|
|
Term
Nursing History:
It is essential that you know: |
|
Definition
the usual pattern of voiding.
History of urinary or pelvic surgery
Medications
History of infections or renal calculi
History of kidney problems: CV disease, diabetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-20mg/dL (closely related to hydration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0.8-1.5 mg/dL
measures renal damage more reliably than BUN; Severe, persistent renal impairment is the ONLY reason for high creatinine levels. >1.5= -66% function |
|
|
Term
| Creatinine clearance test: |
|
Definition
| used to determine GFR. Normal values vary with age |
|
|
Term
| In medicine, KUB refers to |
|
Definition
| a diagnostic medical imaging technique of the abdomen[1] and stands for Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IV injection of radionulide followed by scintiphotography. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A technique using a radioactive tracer to compile a picture of internal structures. |
|
|
Term
| urine osmolality evaluates: |
|
Definition
| the concentrating and diluting ability of the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Cystometry, also known as flow cystometry, is |
|
Definition
| a clinical diagnostic procedure used to evaluate bladder function. Specifically, it measures contractile force of the bladder when voiding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an X-ray test that takes pictures of your bladder and urethra while you are urinating. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infection limited to the urethra |
|
|
Term
| Most common microorganism to invade the urinary tract is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the bacteria travel up to and invade the bladder |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/Sexually active women: |
|
Definition
| urethra is short, pathogens more easily gain rapid access to the bladder |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/Older women |
|
Definition
| decreased protective normal flora |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/Women who use spermicidal contraceptive gel: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/Pregnant women: |
|
Definition
| hormonal changes, pressure |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/Men with enlarged prostate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/(renal calculi): |
|
Definition
| obstruction causes stagnation |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/Anyone with an indwelling catheter: |
|
Definition
| mucosal lining irritation, migration of microbes, bag is reservoir for microbes |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/People who have diabetes mellitus: |
|
Definition
| glucose in the urine provides nutrients for the bacteria |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for UTI/People with a history of UTI’s: |
|
Definition
| thought to be an absence of certain antigens against bacteria that attach to the lining of the urethra |
|
|
Term
| Signs and Symptoms of UTI’s: |
|
Definition
Urinary frequency, Urgency, Foul-smelling urine
Pyuria, Dysuria Hematuria
Bladder spasms, Edema
Chills,Fever
Back pain
Nausea & vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pyelum or pelvis of the kidney. may require IV antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the implantation of a programmable stimulator subcutaneously which delivers low amplitude electrical stimulation via a lead to the sacral nerve, usually accessed via the S3 foramen. a safe sacral nerve stimulator for treatment of Urinary Urge Incontinence, Urinary Frequency, and Urinary Retention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bath in which a person sits in water up to the hips. It is used to relieve discomfort and pain in the lower part of the body, for example, due to hemorrhoids (piles), anal fissures, rectal surgery, an episiotomy, uterine cramps, inflammatory bowel disease, and infections of the bladder, prostate or vagina. It works by keeping the affected area clean and increasing the flow of blood to it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous Bladder Irrigation |
|
|
Term
| Continuous bladder irrigation is a procedure usually required for two common reasons. |
|
Definition
1. decrease the chances of the formation of blood clots in the bladder after surgery
2.administer medication into the bladder in order to ward off an infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad-spectrum antibiotics that play an important role in the treatment of serious bacterial infections, especially hospital-acquired infections and others in which resistance to older antibacterial classes is suspected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyponatremia and water intoxication (symptoms resembling brain stroke in an elderly presenting patient) caused by an overload of fluid absorption (eg. 3 to 4 Litres) from the open prostatic sinusiods during the procedure. This complication can lead to confusion, changes in mental status, vomiting, nausea, and even coma. |
|
|
Term
| The most common complication after TURP is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Urinary-tract bacteria enter the systemic circulation through prostatic vessels that are cut during surgery. |
|
|
Term
| Phenazopyridine is prescribed for its: |
|
Definition
| local analgesic effects on the urinary tract. It is typically used in conjunction with an antibiotic when treating a urinary tract infection. Phenazopyridine is not an antibiotic, but used in conjunction with an antibiotic can speed the early period of recovery from such an infection. |
|
|
Term
| Ureters transport urine from |
|
Definition
| the kidneys to the bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior to the peritoneum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes and excess ions from the blood
Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition and pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retro peritoneal, in the superior lumbar region |
|
|
Term
| Right kidney is upper/lower than the left |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The liquid produced after filtering a suspension of a solid in a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the solid remaining in the filter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endogenous waste product of muscle energy
metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Hemodialysis fistulas are |
|
Definition
| surgically created communications between the native artery and vein in an extremity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an inflammation of the glomerular capillaries that can occur in acute and
chronic forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed by the breakdown of lipid-rich epithelial cells, these are hyaline casts with fat globule inclusions, yellowish-tan in color. If cholesterol or cholesterol esters are present, they are associated with the “Maltese cross” sign under polarized light. They are pathognomonic for high urinary protein nephrotic syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fluid and solutes in a dialysis process that flow through the dialyzer, do not pass through the membrane, and are discarded |
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|
