Term
| Causes Inside Urinary Tract |
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Definition
| stones, tumors, trauma, infection, congenital neurogenic bladder, congential reflux |
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Term
| Causes Outside Urinary Tract |
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Definition
| BPH, pregnancy, cancer w/ pressure, inflammation of the GI tract |
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Term
| Urinary Tract Obstructions Pathophys |
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Definition
| stasis or urine --> infection --> damage of organs involved |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of urine in ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of urine in urine collecting system |
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Term
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Definition
| masses of crystals and protein which are one of the most common causes of urinary tract obstruction |
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Term
| Contributing Factors of Nephrolithiasis |
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Definition
dehydration, inadequate fluid intake, increased intake of substances that form stones
urine pH
various diseases, drugs |
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Term
| Nephrolithiasis Pathophys |
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Definition
alkaline urine-prone to calcium carbonate and phosphate stone formation
acidic urine- prone to uric acid stone formation
either pH- calcium oxalate and crystine formation of stones |
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Term
| Nephrolithiasis Clinical Manifestations of Pain |
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Definition
in ureters causes distention, colicky pain as trying to pass stone
if above ureters- asymptomatic unless an infection or obstruction is present, dull, achy, and constant |
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Term
| Nephrolithiasis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurogenic Bladder Pathophys |
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Definition
interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder,resulting in a functional obstruction to urine passage
may have CNS or spinal cord origin |
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Term
| Types of Neurogenic Bladder |
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Definition
Upper Motor Neuron Damage (CNS)
Lower Motor Neuron Damage (Spinal Cord) |
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Term
| Upper Motor Neuron Damage Pathophys |
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Definition
reflex arc intact- senses fullness but sensation isn't felt so can't inhibit voiding "reflex bladder"
Seen in quadriplegics |
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Term
| Lower Motor Neuron Damage Pathophys |
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Definition
disruption of reflex arc at sacral level, loss of sensation of fullness "atonic bladder"
Seen in paraplegics |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney's with multiple fluid-filled cysts |
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Term
| In infants with polycystic kidneys, the cysts can get how big? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adult Onset of Polycystic Kidneys Inheritance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Adult Onset of Polycystic Kidneys Inheritance |
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Definition
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Term
| Child onset of Polycystic Kidneys Inheritance Pattern |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of Infants that Progress to Childhood with Polycystic Kidneys |
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Definition
| 25%- infants die at birth or shortly after |
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Term
| Polycystic Kidneys Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
| abdominal mass, failure to thrive, UTIs, hematuria, renal insufficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| gram-negative E. Coli (80-90% of all initial cases) |
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Term
|
Definition
| frequent voiding, acidic urine, vesicoureteral junction, prostatic secretions, good personal hygiene |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Increased Risk for Cystitis |
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Definition
| sexually active females, pregnancy, indwelling catheters, kidney stones, tumors, neurogenic bladder, poor hygiene, BPH, DM |
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Term
| Cystitis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
| frequency, urgency, dysuria, pain (low back, flank, or suprapubic), hematuria/cloudy urine |
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Term
|
Definition
| infection of renal pelvis |
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis Etio |
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Definition
| obstruction (stones) w/ reflux of urine into ureters |
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis Risk Factors |
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Definition
| neurogenic bladder, trauma, pregnancy, catheters, endoscopes |
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis Pathophys |
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Definition
(usually affects tubules, not glomeruli)
focal inflammatory process w/ WBC infiltration, edema, and purulent urine --> if continues, tubule destruction --> scar formation and atrophy of affected tubules --> chronic polynephritis |
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
chills, fever
flank/groin pain
dysuria |
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Term
|
Definition
| recurrent or persistent autoimmune infection of kidneys --> tubular destruction and scarring --> decreased renal function --> can cause renal failure |
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Term
| Chronic Pyelonpephritis Etio |
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Definition
| more likely w/ obstructive conditions (stones, reflux), recurrent pyelonephritis, ischemia, irradiation, drug toxicity (phenacetin, ASA, acetaminophen) |
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Term
| Chronic Pyelonephritis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
| minimal and vague, may have HTN, mimic acute, urine is dilute |
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Term
| Renal Cell Carcinoma Etio |
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Definition
| Adenocarcinoma, usually unilateral, metastasis to lungs, liver, lymph nodes, bone, CNS, 2x more frequent in males, increased incidence in smokers, exposure to heavy metals, asbestos, risk factors=HTN, obesity, and estrogen therapy |
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Term
| Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
hematuria
weight loss, flank pain, palpable mass
distant metastases to lungs, lymph nodes, liver, bone, thyroid, CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
| alteration of normal bladder epithelium, highest in men over 60 yrs or those working in industrial plants, women who take large amts of phenacetin |
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Term
| Bladder Tumor Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
may be asymptomatic or have hematuria
advanced symptoms- pelvic pain and frequency
metastasis to lymph nodes, liver, lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of glomerulus (most common cause of renal failure) |
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Term
| Most Common Cause of Renal Failure |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| immunologic abnormalities, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders, systemic diseases (lupus, DM) |
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Term
|
Definition
| an immune response within glomerular capillary filtration membrane |
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Term
| An immune response within glomerular capillary filtration membrane due to: |
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Definition
deposition of circulating AG-AB complexes
formation of AB which react against glomerular basement membrane |
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Term
| Glomerulonephritis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
| hematuria (w/ RBC casts), smoky-brown tinged urine, proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/day |
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Term
|
Definition
| usually appears 10 days after strep infection |
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Term
| Associated with Strep Infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Glomerulonephritis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
| flank or abd pain, malaise, decreased GFR --> gross hematuria, RBC casts, proteinuria, oliguria, HTN, edema-eyes and dependent areas |
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Term
| Nephrosis Symptom Complex |
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Definition
| proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, edema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
unknown, may be viral
usually seen in preschool age |
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Term
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Definition
| r/t other diseases (DM, lupus, purpuras), toxins, drugs, infections, malignancies, vascular disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| r/t other diseases (DM, lupus, purpuras), toxins, drugs, infections, malignancies, vascular disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| increased glomerular permeability to protein --> activation of RAAS --> Na+ and H2O retention (edema) |
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Term
| Nephrosis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
edema-periorbital initially, then to abd adn legs
frothy urine (children), anorexia, diarrhea, Vit D Deficiency, proteiuria (massive) hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia |
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