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Urinary system
Medical terminology of urinary system
129
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
07/06/2015

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Term
albumin/o
Definition
protein
Term
bacteri/o
Definition
bacteria
Term
vesic/o
Definition
bladder or sac
Term
dips/o
Definition
thirst
Term
glomerul/o
Definition
glomerulus (little ball)
Term
glyc/o
Definition
sugar
Term
ketan/o
Definition
ketone bodies
Term
lith/o
Definition
stone
Term
meat/o
Definition
opening
Term
ren/o
Definition
kidney
Term
pyel/o
Definition
basin
Term
cyst/o
Definition
bladder or sac
Term
gluc/o
Definition
sugar
Term
ket/o
Definition
ketone bodies
Term
nephr/o
Definition
kidney
Term
ur/o
Definition
urine
Term
py/o
Definition
pus
Term
ureter/o
Definition
ureter
Term
urethr/o
Definition
urethra
Term
urin/o
Definition
urine
Term
kidneys
Definition
two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine
Term
cortex
Definition
outer part of the kidney (cortex = bark)
Term
hilum
Definition
indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
Term
medulla
Definition
inner part of the kidney
Term
calices (calyces)
Definition
ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis (kalyx = cup of a flower)
Term
nephron
Definition
microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each capable of forming urine
Term
glomerulus
Definition
little ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron
Term
Bowman’s capsule
Definition
the top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus
Term
renal tubule
Definition
the stem portion of the nephron
Term
ureter
Definition
the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
Term
renal pelvis
Definition
the basinlike portion of the ureter within the kidney
Term
ureteropelvic junction
Definition
point of connection between the renal pelvis and ureter
Term
urinary bladder
Definition
sac that holds the urine
Term
urethra
Definition
single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body
Term
urethral meatus
Definition
opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
Term
urine
Definition
fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products
Term
urea
Definition
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
Term
creatinine
Definition
waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine
Term
Albuminuria
Definition
presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise
Term
anuria
Definition
absence of urine formation
Term
anuresis
Definition
inability to pass urine
Term
bacteriuria
Definition
presence of bacteria in the urine
Term
dysuria
Definition
painful urination
Term
enuresis
Definition
involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control
Term
nocturnal enuresis
Definition
bedwetting during sleep
Term
hematuria
Definition
presence of blood in the urine
Term
incontinence
Definition
involuntary discharge of urine or feces
Term
urinary stress incontinence
Definition
involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, or strained
Term
ketonuria
Definition
presence of ketone bodies in the urine
Term
proteinuria
Definition
presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise
Term
ketone compounds
Definition
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid are products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body’s abnormal use of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation
Term
nocturia
Definition
urination at night
Term
oliguria
Definition
scanty production of urine
Term
pyuria
Definition
presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
Term
urinary retention
Definition
retention of urine caused by an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction
Term
ketone bodies
Definition
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid are products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body’s abnormal use of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation
Term
glomerulonephritis
Definition
form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
Term
hydronephrosis
Definition
pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine
Term
nephritis
Definition
inflammation of the kidney
Term
pyelonephritis
Definition
inflammation of the renal pelvis
Term
nephrosis
Definition
degenerative disease of the renal tubules
Term
nephrolithiasis
Definition
presence of a renal stone or stones
Term
cystitis
Definition
inflammation of the bladder
Term
urethritis
Definition
inflammation of the urethra
Term
urethrocystitis
Definition
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
Term
urethral stenosis
Definition
narrowed condition of the urethra
Term
Uremia
Definition
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure
Term
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Definition
invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise
Term
azotemia
Definition
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure
Term
cystoscopy
Definition
examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
Term
kidney biopsy (Bx)
Definition
removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination
Term
radiography
Definition
x-ray studies commonly used in urology
Term
intravenous urogram
Definition
x-rays of the urinary tract taken after an iodine contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma and so on
Term
kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
Definition
abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder typically used as a scout film before doing an IVP
Term
scout film
Definition
plain x-ray taken to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging (e.g., a KUB before an IVP)
Term
renal angiogram (arteriogram)
Definition
x-ray of the renal artery made after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
Term
renal biopsy (Bx)
Definition
removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination
Term
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Definition
x-rays of the urinary tract taken after an iodine contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma and so on
Term
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
Definition
x-ray of the ureters, bladder, and kidney taken after contrast material is administered backward through a small catheter through a cystoscope to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, and so on
Term
voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram (VCU or VCUG)
Definition
x-ray of the bladder and urethra taken during urination
Term
urinalysis
Definition
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
Term
specific gravity
Definition
measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
Term
pH
Definition
measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine
Term
glucose (sugar) test
Definition
chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; used most often to screen for diabetes
Term
protein test
Definition
chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
Term
ketones test
Definition
chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs in starvation or in an uncontrolled diabetic state
Term
occult blood, urine
Definition
chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult = hidden)
Term
albumin (alb)
Definition
chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
Term
bilirubin
Definition
chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease
Term
urobilinogen
Definition
chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine – increased amounts seen in gall bladder and liver disease
Term
nitrite
Definition
chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine
Term
microscopic findings
Definition
microscopic identification of abnormal constituents present in the urine (e.g., red blood cells, white blood cells, and casts); reported per high or low per field (hpf or lpf)
Term
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Definition
isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms that grow in the culture are identified along with drugs to which they are sensitive
Term
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Definition
blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the kidney’s inability to excrete urea
Term
creatinine, serum
Definition
test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood, useful in assessing kidney function
Term
creatinine, urine
Definition
test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine
Term
creatinine clearance testing
Definition
measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate that creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys
Term
urologic endoscopic surgery
Definition
use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, and so on
Term
resectoscope
Definition
urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate
Term
intracorporeal lithotripsy
Definition
method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using electrical energy discharges transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope; most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones
Term
nephrotomy
Definition
incision into the kidney
Term
nephrorrhaphy
Definition
suture of an injured kidney
Term
nephrolithotomy
Definition
incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
Term
nephrectomy
Definition
excision of a kidney
Term
pyeloplasty
Definition
surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis
Term
stent placement
Definition
use of a device (stent) to hold open vessels or tubes (e.g., an obstructed ureter)
Term
kidney transplantation
Definition
transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another
Term
urinary diversion
Definition
creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or disease such as bladder cancer
Term
noncontinent ileal conduit
Definition
removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen – urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag)
Term
renal transplantation
Definition
transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another
Term
orthotopic bladder
Definition
bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
Term
continent urostomy
Definition
an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine which diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall – a valve is created internally to prevent leakage and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization
Term
neobladder
Definition
bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
Term
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Definition
procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder
Term
kidney dialysis
Definition
methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure
Term
hemodialysis
Definition
method of removing impurities by pumping the patient’s blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)
Term
peritoneal dialysis
Definition
method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles
Term
analgesic
Definition
drug that relieves pain
Term
antibiotic
Definition
drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
Term
antispasmodic
Definition
drug that relieves spasm
Term
diuretic
Definition
drug that increases the secretion of urine
Term
ESWL
Definition
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Term
alb
Definition
albumin
Term
RP
Definition
retrograde pyelogram
Term
VCU or VCUG
Definition
voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram
Term
KUB
Definition
kidney, ureter, bladder
Term
IVP
Definition
intravenous pyelogram
Term
C&S
Definition
urine culture and sensitivity
Term
BUN
Definition
blood urea nitrogen
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