Term
| 2 main functions of urinary system |
|
Definition
| elimination of waste and regulate aspects of homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| 4 organs of urinary system |
|
Definition
| "kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at T12 to L3 level (against dorsal body wall) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kidneys attached to _______(3) at the _____________ |
|
Definition
| "ureters, renal blood vessels, and nerves - renal hilus" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surounds and protects kidney |
|
|
Term
| regions of the kidney - 3 |
|
Definition
| renal cortex (outer region); renal medulla (inside cortex); renal pelvis (inner collecting tube) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medullary pyramids; renal columns; calyces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structural and functional unit of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main structures of the nephrons - 2 |
|
Definition
| glomerulus and renal tubule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized capillary bed attached to arterioles on both sides |
|
|
Term
| glomerulus capillaries covered with |
|
Definition
| podocytes from the renal tubule |
|
|
Term
| glomerulus sits within a… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glomerular (Bowman's) capsule; proximal convoluted tubule; Loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cortical (most; entirely in cortex) and justamedullary (at boundary of cortex and medula) |
|
|
Term
| pertibular capillaries - function |
|
Definition
| arise from efferent arteriole of glomerulus - reclaims some substances from collecting tubes |
|
|
Term
| 3 steps of urine formation process |
|
Definition
| "filtration, reabsorption, secretion" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through capillary walls |
|
|
Term
| reabsorption (materials reabsorbed) - 4 |
|
Definition
| "pertibular capillaries reabsorb: some water, glucose, amino acids, and ions" |
|
|
Term
| materials not reabsorbed - 2 |
|
Definition
| "nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid, creatinine) and excess water" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "reabsorption in reverse - some materials move from pertibular capillaries into the renal tubules (H and K ions, creatinine)" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slender tubes attaching kidney to bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 layers of smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| urinary bladder wall mucosa made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of body |
|
|
Term
| release of urine controlled by 2 sphincters |
|
Definition
| internal urethral (involuntary) and external urethral (voluntary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changes in electrolyte balance causes… |
|
Definition
| water to move from one compartment to another |
|
|
Term
| body fluid compartments (2+2) |
|
Definition
| "intracellular; extracellular (interstitial, plasma)" |
|
|
Term
| ____ hormone prevents excessive water loss in urine |
|
Definition
| ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
|
|
Term
| what regulates sodium ion content of extracellular fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood pH should be between… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acid-base balance maintained by the… |
|
Definition
| "kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecules react to prevent dramatic changes in hydrogen ion concentrations |
|
|
Term
| 3 major chemical buffer systems |
|
Definition
| "bicarbonate, phosphate, protein" |
|
|
Term
| bicarbonate ions react with strong acids to… |
|
Definition
| change them to weak acids |
|
|
