Term
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Definition
| A cholinergic muscarinic antagonist. Reduces tonicity of detrussor muscle and decreases intravesicular pressure. For storage failure of bladder (urge incontinence). Anticholinergic side effects = delerium in elderly. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cholinergic muscarinic antagonist. Relaxes the detrussor. Less side effects than oxybutynin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic). Causes contraction of the detrussor- for bladder atony (overflow incontinence). PNS side effects - "SLUDGE" |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist. Decreases urethral resistance by dilating smooth muscles. Targets the prostate (good for BPH). Can cause syncope and hypotension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha-1 antagonist. Relaxes smooth muscle, good for treating urinary retention. More orthostatic hypotension than Tamsulosin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A benzodiazepine. Facilitates effects of GABA, causes smooth muscle relaxation. Makes it easier to urinate for people w/ UMN lesions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle relaxant, used for people w/ UMN so they can fully empty their bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| GABA derivative. For ppl w/ UMN lesions. Causes skeletal muscle relaxation, allowing them to empty their bladders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, causes HCO3- to be excreted in the urine (alkalizes urine, acidifies blood). Primarily used for glaucoma, also for acute mountain sickness. Sulfa derivative. |
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Term
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Definition
| Osmotic agent, given IV. Increases urine and plasma osmolarity. Used for cerebral edema. Avoid in CHF, anuria or pulmonary edema (risk of fluid overload) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop diuretic (inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter. Increases RBF. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop diuretic. (Sulfa allergy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop diuretic- NOT a sulfonamide |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop diuretic. Blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in TALH. Given IV for acute pulmonary edema. Decreases uric acid excretion (beware gout!) and increases Ca2+ excretion (beware calculi). Increases RBF. |
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Term
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
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Definition
| A Thiazide diuretic (sulfa allergy). Decreases excretion of uric acid and Ca2+. GFR may decrease. Good for kidney stones. Side effects: hyperGLUC (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuremia, hypercalcemia). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| K+ sparing diuretic (aldosterone antagonist). Very good for CHF (besides diuretic effect). May cause hyperkalemia or gynecomastia. Do NOT use in renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| K+ sparing diuretic. Acts independently of aldosterone. |
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Term
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Definition
| K+ sparing diuretic. Acts independently of aldosterone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A vasopressin antagonist (blocks ADH). Used to treat hyponatremia, CHF, SIADH. Causes thirst, hypotension, syncope, volume depletion and rapidly raises the Na concentration in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| K+ sparing diuretics are used for CHF |
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Term
| Diuretic used for acute pulmonary edema? |
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Definition
| IV loop diuretics are good for acute pulmonary edema |
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Term
| Chronic and acute renal failure |
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Definition
| Treat with loop diuretics |
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Term
| Diuretic used for cerebral edema |
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Definition
| IV Mannitol is used for cerebral edema |
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Term
| Diuretic used to treat hypercalcemia |
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Definition
| Loop diuretics are used to treat hypercalcemia |
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Term
| Diuretic used to treat renal calculi |
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Definition
| Thiazide diuretics are used to treat renal calculi (esp. calcium stones) |
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Term
| Diuretic used for open angle glaucoma, or acute mountain sickness |
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Definition
| Acetazolamide is used for glaucoma |
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Term
| Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) |
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Definition
| Used for G(-) UTIs. SMX is a PABA analog, TMP inhibits dehydrofolate reductase, given together for synergistic effect. Good for acute uncomplicated cystitis or bacterial prostatitis. May cause crystalluria, sulpha allergy, or hemolytic anemia in ppl. w/ a G6PD deficiency |
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Term
| Flouroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin) |
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Definition
| G(-) UTIs. Inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase and topoisomerase. Good for acute pyelonephritis, bacterial prostatitis or complicated UTIs. May cause cartilage damage, tendon rupture. Also binds divalent metal cations in diet. |
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Term
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Definition
| For G(-) bacilli. Inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. OK for use in pregnancy. Turns urine brown. Renally excreted- good kidney Fx a must. |
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Term
| Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) |
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Definition
| G(-), broad spectrum. Binds to 30S ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis. For complicated UTIs. Given in hospital. NEPHROTOXIC (ATN) and ototoxic. Dosing based on CrCl. |
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Term
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Definition
| B-lactam antibiotics. Broad spectrum, cross BBB. Cell wall synthesis inhibitors. OK in pregnancy. Cause renal toxicity when given w/ an aminoglycoside. For complicated UTIs. Can lead to C. diff overgrowth (pseudomembranous colitis) |
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Term
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Definition
| B-lactam antibiotics. Good for G(+) organisms. Can use amoxicillin in pregnancy. May cause rxn's, seizures at high doses. Given w/ probenecid to prolong action, but porbenecid also increases uric acid excretion) |
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Term
| Carbapenem (impanem w/ cilastatin and Meropenem) |
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Definition
| Broadest spectrum (G-/+). For complicated UTIs. Cross reactive sensitivity w/ other B-lactams. |
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Term
| What is the preferred treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organisms cause acute, uncomplicated UTIs? |
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Definition
| G- rods, 1) E. coli, 2) Staph. saprophyticus, 3) Proteus spp. cause uncomplicated UTIs. |
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Term
| What organisms cause complicated UTIs? |
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Definition
| Complicated UTIs are caused by, antibiotic resistant G- bacilli, S. aureus, or enterococci |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAIDs block prostaglandins, exaggerate renal afferent a. vasoconstriction, decrease GFR, and may lead to acute renal failure when given in cases of pre-renal azotemia. NSAID+ACEI+pre-renal = big drop in GFR |
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Term
| Renal toxicity caused by penicillins and aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| These antibiotics cause renal toxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis)- you may see fever, WBC casts, and eosinophiles in the urine |
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Term
| Which drugs might cause acute tubular necrosis? |
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Definition
| Gentamicin and cisplatin might cause acute tubular necrosis (look for muddy brown casts in the urine) |
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Term
| What drug might cause interstitial nephritis? |
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Definition
| Methicillin can cause interstitial nephritis |
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Term
| What drugs can cause hyperkalemia? |
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Definition
| B-blockers, ACEI, K+ sparing |
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Term
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Definition
| P-Glycoprotein is a secretory pump in renal tubules. It secretes digoxin, and is inhibited by quinidine, erythromycin, itaconazole, and verapamil. |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Prevents conversion of testosterone to DHT. May decrease prostate volume, but also can cause hirsutism. Not for use in pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT. Reduces size of prostate (for BPH). Not for pregnancy. May cause hirsutism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Hard to say if it works. |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. For BPH and urinary retention. |
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Term
| Potassium citrate/ Sodium citrate |
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Definition
| Alkalizes urine and increases urine citrate level, which decreases calcium oxalate crystal aggregation and uric acid aggregation, preventing stone formation |
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Term
| Alpha-blockers for kidney stones |
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Definition
| May help stones pass quickly |
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Term
| ACEI (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril) |
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Definition
| Renal protective and cardioprotective, lowers blood pressure by blocking A2 formation. For proteinuria, and given in diabetic renal disease. May cause cough, angioedema, taste changes, decreases GFR. Help delay renal insufficiency. |
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Term
| ARBs (A2 receptor blocker) |
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Definition
| Like ACEI but don't cause cough. For proteinuria, diabetic renal disease. |
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