Term
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Definition
| Most effective diuretics available. Acts on ascending limb of the loop of henle, can cause profound diuresis. |
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Term
Alpha-1 Adrenergic blocker |
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Definition
| treatment of dribbling or overflow incontinence in men with prostatic enlargement. Relaxes smooth muscle thus relieving obstructive symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
(anticholinergic)
used to prevent or relieve spasms as a result of increased muscle tone or irritation of urinary structures, relaxes smooth muscle of the bladder, relieves spasms of the ureter, management of overactive bladder. |
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Term
| Potassium-sparing Diuretic |
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Definition
| produce a modest increase in urine production, produce a substantial decrease in potassium excretion; usually used along with other diuretics. |
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Term
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Definition
acts on kidneys to cause reabsorption of water by increasing permeability of collecting ducts to water thereby increasing water reabsorption
treatment of diabetes insipidus
adverse effects- water intoxication, cardiovasculat effects, retention |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks reabsorption of sodium, chloride, potassium and water in the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule; less effective than loop diuretics. |
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Term
Anti-infectives
Sulfonamides- broad spectrum |
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Definition
used to treat UTI's, chlamydia and ulcerative colitis.
Suppresses bacterial growth by inhibiting synthesis of folic acid.
SE- N/V, abdominal pain, hypersensitivity, rash, photosensitivity, blood dyscrasias.
NI- avoid prolong exposure to sun, take on empty stomach, take with food only if it causes GI upset. |
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Term
Mannitol
(osmotic diuretics) |
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Definition
| creates an osmotic force within the lumen of the nephron which prevents wat reabsorption; remains in the nephron as a solute so creates osmotic force inhibiting passice reabsorption of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to increase retention of NA and increase excretion of K+. Used in cases where excessive loss of H2O and NA is occuring. |
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Term
Urinary antiseptics
Nitrofurantoin
(Furadantin) |
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Definition
bacteriostatic in low concentration and bactericidal in high concentrations
used in acute infection of lower urinary tract
may turn urine brown; better absorbed with meals. |
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Term
Urinary Tract Analgesic
Pyridium |
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Definition
Relieves symptoms of dysuria, buring, frequency and urgency
NOT an anti-infective
Turns urine orange-red in color
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Term
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Definition
Adverse effects- dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance (decreased Na, K, Cl), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, OTOTOXICITY with rapid IV doses.
Interactions- Digoxcin toxicity esp if K+ is low
Na is low- lithium is reduced and can cause lithium toxicity
May lower BP excessively
used in pulmonary edema assoc with CHF and HTN |
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Term
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Definition
Can't PEE, SEE, SPIT, or SHIT
Contraindications- Prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, esophagitis, increases gastric tone.
NI- monitor VS, Resp depression, increased sedation |
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Term
Urinary Antiseptics
Nalidixic Acid/Cipro |
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Definition
replication of bacterial DNA leading to DNA degradation and cell death- bacteriocidal
DO NOT TAKE WITH ANTACIDS- will not work. |
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Term
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Definition
used in HTN and mild-moderate CHF
same as loop diuretics but less of a chance and no ototoxicity. |
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Term
Aldosterone antagonist
Spironolactone |
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Definition
blocks the actions of aldosterone in the distal nephron so K+ is retained while Na is excreted
Adverse effect- hyperkalemia |
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Term
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Definition
Used for brain swelling
Must be given IV. Response begins within 30-60 minutes and persists for 6-8 hours
Adverse effects- edema, HA, N/V
NI- Increase K+ supplement
observe for side effects
check daily weight
monitor electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
Has selective effects to promote contraction of the bladder.
used to treat non-obstructive urinary retention and intestinal paralysis
Adverse effects- rare, can cause diarrhea |
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Term
Non-aldosterone antagonists
trimeterene amiloride |
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Definition
inhibits ion transport directly producing a decrease in the reuptake of sodium and reduction in the exchange of potassium.
used for HTN or edema
Adverse effect- hyperkalemia |
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