Term
|
Definition
| Urbanization- the process by which the population of cities grows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Urbanized area- the central city and the surrounding built-up suburbs |
|
|
Term
| Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) |
|
Definition
| Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) - measuring the functional area of a city |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concentric zone model- created by Burgess; a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth of a tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sector model- created by Hoyt; city that develops in a series of sectors, not rings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple nuclei model- a city is complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Squatter settlement- an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they d not own or rent and erect homemade structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filtering- the process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by successive waves of lower-income people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Redlining- drawing line on a map to identify areas in which they will refuse to loan money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Urban renewal- cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, and build new roads and utilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Public housing- reserved for low-income households, who must pay 30% of their income for rent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gentrification- the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Underclass - people stuck in a unending cycle of economic and social problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral model- an urban area consist of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Edge cities- nodes of consumer and business services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Density gradient- according to the density gradient, the number of houses per unit of land diminishes as distance form the center increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sprawl- the progressive spread of development over the landscape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Greenbelt- rings of open space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zoning ordinances- developed in Europe and North America, encouraged spatial separation. They prevented mixing of land uses within the same district |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rush hour- four consecutive 15-minute periods that have the heaviest traffic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Council of government- a cooperative agency consisting of representatives of the various local governments in the region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smart growth- legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland |
|
|
