Term
| Today's Cities are Highly Complex: Functionally and Structurally... How? |
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Definition
| Aspatial processes cause, or influence the spatial arrangement of urban phenomena, and urban structures influence, and partially determine, growth processes & Suburban/Exurban Transformations. |
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Term
| Major Components of Urban Geography |
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Definition
Spatial Distribution & Uneven Patterns
Theoretical Generalization and Critical Political-Economy Perspectives
Methodological Perspectives - "Space-Time dynamic processes" |
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Term
| Methodological Perspectives "Space-Time dynamic processes" |
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Definition
| Process--> Structure --> Process Readjustments --> New Structure |
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Term
| Comparative Analysis: Urban origins-Pre-industrial cities |
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Definition
| Dependent upon rural subservience |
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Term
| Comparative Analysis: Pre-captitalist, centers of authority, military power, mercantilism |
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Definition
| European urban roots distinguished by centuries of urban growth |
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Term
| Cities are simultaneously the __________ and the __________ of economic,social and political change. |
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Definition
| products, shapers (Space) |
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Term
| Cities function as essential parts of the capitalist system of ________ - spaces where the centralization of wealth, power, and authority are _______, _______, and resolved. |
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Definition
| accumulation, consolidated, fought over (Space) |
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Term
| Cities function as systems within systems of cities, _______ and __________. |
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Definition
| nationally, internationally (Space) |
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Term
| _______________ of the internal spatial structure of the city creates social, economic, and political spaces at local scales. |
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Definition
| Intra-urban partitioning (Space) |
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Term
| _________ livelihoods differ markedly from _________ livelihoods. |
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Definition
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Term
| Urban systems greatly affect rural _________ and _________ zones. |
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Definition
| peripheries, ex-urban (Space) |
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Term
| Urban environments are rarely assessed in terms of their _________ qualities. -health hazards, personal stresses, livelihood stresses, congestion, crowding. |
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Definition
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Term
| Differing scales of our interactive spaces - 3 examples |
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Definition
| Personal Space, Social Space, Activity Space (HT) |
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Term
| Territory and neighborhoods as _______ sources of human identity, as a source of ___________, as images and counter-images (______ & ______), as source of _____ in risk-ladened contexts, and reflecting _______ vs ________ relations. |
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Definition
| communal, material existence, us/them, security, power/powerless (HT) |
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Term
| Land or landed posessions have powerful ______ and ________ associations, in addition to economic and political considerations. "roots" "collective identity" "self sufficiency" |
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Definition
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Term
| Territoriality and ________ identity - "home town" emotional ties - childhood memories- subject to change with _____/______. |
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Definition
| urban, mobility/migration (HT) |
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Term
| Individuality, ________, > "footloose" |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ and '_________' accompany 'global-to-local' macro-structural changes during the post-1980's 'era of globalization' widening the reach of social support systems and communication networks. |
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Definition
| transnationalism, cosmopolitanism (HT) |
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Term
| Distance affects behavior of both ________ and _______ of all goods and services. |
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Definition
| produces and consumers (Dist) |
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Term
| Distance influences patterns of _______, _______, and _________ interaction. |
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Definition
| social, economic, political (dist) |
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Term
| Distance influence the nature and extent of _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Distances influences people's ________ to opportunities and amenities. (jobs, schools etc.) |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ used as a mechanism for "social distancing". |
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Definition
| Spatial Distancing (Dist) |
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Term
| _______ are different from each other - social processes will be significantly different in different _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Social life takes place in a relatively _______ spatial environment, and ________ imposes costs. |
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Definition
| limited, distance (place) |
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Term
| People have _____ about places which have significant social consequences. |
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Definition
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Term
| private places vs public places - ______ vs ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| '___________' mobility, __________, and _______ ties build transnational social netowrks that maintain multi-local '_________' and build connections between 'home places' and 'away from home places'. |
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Definition
| cross-border, social interactions, family, place-attachments (place) |
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Term
| Early cities were cities of ______, _______, and the _________. |
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Definition
| power, privilege, elite (PreInd) |
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Term
| Early Cities were dependent on _________ for food, services. |
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Definition
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Term
| City-states competed with each other for _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| '_________ ________' ensured, therefore no need for spatial distancing among classes. |
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Definition
| Social Distancing (PreInd) |
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Term
| ________ designs - walled cites, with the poor outside. |
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Definition
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Term
| '__________ urbanism' - many cities were abandoned & destroyed |
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Definition
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Term
| Unhealthy - high population __________ and little ___________ |
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Definition
| concentrations, infrastructure (PreInd) |
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Term
| __________ __________ - socially sanctioned , rank, power, & prestige inherited via family/kinship systems. |
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Definition
| hierarchical stratification (PreInd-ASO) |
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Term
| Social position inherited at birth - highly restricted _______ social ______. |
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Definition
| upward, mobility (PreInd-ASO) |
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Term
| Social position not necessarily linked to _________ position - __________ systems |
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Definition
| economic, patronage (PreInd-ASO) |
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Term
| ________ and _______ divisions - position by social-spatial ascription. |
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Definition
| Ethnic/Racial divisions (PreInd-ASO) |
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Term
| ________ roles socially defined in terms of females' ________/_______ vs males' ________ roles. They led separate '_________' |
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Definition
| Gender, family/household, economic, social lives (PreInd-ASO) |
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Term
| Rich and powerful dictated ______ ______ in the city and urban ____________ in terms of their ability to dominate, share dominance, and subordinate other classes, ethnic groups. |
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Definition
| spatial order, land-utilization (PreInd-SO) |
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Term
| ________ occupied City center, accompanied by their _______ classes, their __________, and their _________. |
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Definition
| Elites, serving, entourages, clients. (PreInd-SO) |
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Term
| _________ and ________ concentrated in enclaves for business reasons, patronage/protection & ____________ efficiencies: artisans developed _______ & _________ schemes to reproduce themselves; merchants were "________ groups" |
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Definition
| Artisans/Merchants, agglomeration, guilds, apprenticeship (PreInd-SO) |
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Term
| Poor under-class occupied the ___________ of the city, often ________ the city walls, beyond the ________ of the elites. |
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Definition
| periphery, outside, domain (PreInd-SO) |
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Term
| _______ _______ important for symbolism, displays of power, patronage, religious, and social control. |
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Definition
| Built Environment (PreInd-SO) |
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Term
| Spatial Differentiation or Residential Separation are not __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Residential Proximity is not __________ to the elites. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stages in evolution of human societies |
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Definition
1. Reciprocal Societies
2. Rank Distribution
3. Money-exchange systems
4 Mercantile societies
5. CapitalismL industrial and late |
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Term
| "Enclosure" of common lands |
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Definition
| Concentration of land ownership & creation of surplus labor -landlessness (IndEng) |
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Term
Developments in the Industrial Revolution:
(4 Listed) |
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Definition
Development of the steam engine
Expansion of coal mining
Growth and expansion of textile markets
Expansion of "Quantitative economy" |
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Term
| Family labor divisions - ______ and ______ (e.g. nails) |
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Definition
| farming/artisanal (IndEng1) |
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Term
| Expansion from ___________ of commodities to full full domestic ____________ |
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Definition
| hand-production, industrialization (IndEng1) |
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Term
| application of ______ to making of ________ ushered in "Industrial Revolution" |
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Definition
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Term
| woollen industry expanded in West Riding of _____+________ trade, then came then the expansion of the _______ manufacturing sector in _________. |
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Definition
| Yorkshire, Manchester, cotton, Lancashire (IndEng1) |
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Term
| Importing of _______ ________ was forbidden... raw _______ imported instead. |
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Definition
| Indian yarns, cotton (IndEng1) |
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Term
| _____ villages and towns have long - (eg Roman lead & Cornish tin) |
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Definition
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Term
| Towns become the support of countryside. Rural landowners profited from ______ ______ for foods: wheat, meat, and vegetables. |
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Definition
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Term
| Surplus _______ labor was drawn to ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Political divisions between ______ _______ and _______ ______ hardened. |
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Definition
| Rural Tories, Urban Whiges (IndEng2) |
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Term
| Urban morphogenesis of the Industrial town: working class, ____-houses - terraces, _______ to ______ |
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Definition
| row, back to backs (IndEng3) |
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Term
| Public _______, and public ________. |
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Definition
| houses, conveniences (IndEng3) |
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Term
| working class districts - row houses ranged roung several ________ and served by local ______ and _______... |
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Definition
| factories, shops, pubs (IndEng3) |
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Term
| factories were ______ and _______ structures with several floors |
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Definition
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Term
| Central areas were preferred neighborhoods of ______ and _____ classes |
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Definition
| middle and upper (IndEng3) |
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Term
| in the back courts, small alleys were quite commonly found ______ where tiny deteriorated buildings housed the very poor, casual and menial laborers. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and ______ station development - very important "re-development" mechanism, destroying unsightly areas in the city. Only later were _____ class to use the railways. |
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Definition
| Railroad/Railway, working (IndEng3) |
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Term
| ___________ introduced by 1820's in London and Manchester... _____ and ______ classes moved to suburban "villa" communities. |
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Definition
| omnibuses, gentry/upper-middle (IndEng3) |
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Term
| Spatial separation used as a mechanism for ________ _________. |
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Definition
| Social Distancing (IndEng4) |
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Term
| ________ ______ districts, with high residential densities, located near factories , housing often provided by family owners of __________ _______. |
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Definition
| Working class, manufacturing firms (IndEng4) |
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Term
| In housing styles, social status and class position was demontrated by __________ detailing - "_______" becoming a matter of concern for socially-conscious Victorians. |
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Definition
| architectural, address (IndEng4) |
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Term
| Evolutions of US Urban System during the Capitalist Eras (______-______) |
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Definition
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Term
1790-1840_______, _______ era.
Gateway port cities serving as ________ for European _________. |
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Definition
Frontier, Mercantile
intermediaries, mercantilism (Merc) |
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Term
| Constitution favored ____-based commerce and _______ enterprises. |
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Definition
| city, manufacturing (merc) |
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Term
| Second-order centers were farther inland- _______ towns, __________, ______ centers |
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Definition
| resource, rail-head, trade (merc) |
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Term
| River-based locations provided _________ advantages. |
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Definition
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Term
| Era of Early, Industrial __________ Capitalism (1840-1885) |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ and ________ of a maturing urban system occurred during the Classical Capitalism era. |
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Definition
| Expansion/Realignment (ClasCap) |
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Term
| _____ _______ _______ had become the dominant commercial, financial, industrial city |
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Definition
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Term
| Cities of the _____ Coast had built upon their ________ status to become independent _______, commercial, and _______ centers. |
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Definition
| East, gateway, financial, manufacturing (ClasCap) |
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Term
| East Coast Cities building upon their gateway status to become independent centers linked _______ capital with ______ ventures. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ European immigration provided a ____ _____ labor pool. |
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Definition
| Northwest, cheap, urban (ClasCap) |
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Term
| Inland cities in advantageous locations with "____________" advantages, rail and water transportation, grew rapidly. (eg ________, _______) |
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Definition
| break-of-bulk, St. Louis, Chicago (ClasCap) |
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Term
| City system moved towards a _________ distribution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Automobile era was during the era of national, _______-______ capitalism. |
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Definition
| industrial-corporate (CorpCap) |
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Term
| Continued growth of some leading cities of the previous era + Rapid growth of large-scale __________ centers: ______ growing to become 2nd largest by 1920; _______, ________ also grew rapidly |
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Definition
| Manufacturing, Chicago, Cleveland, Pittsburg (CorpCap) |
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Term
| A highly interconnected manufacturing ________ ________ controlled the national economic landscape. |
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Definition
| Midwestern Heartland (CorpCap) |
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Term
| Rank-sized hierarchy developed with __________ cities increasing rapidly |
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Definition
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Term
| West Coast ________ increased: Los Angeles & Bay Area center |
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Definition
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Term
| Great Depression (1929-1935)-> ____ ______ & __________ economics |
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Definition
| New Deal, Keynesian (CorpCap) |
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Term
| World War II (1939-1945) U.S. industrial economy _________ - and SURVIVED |
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Definition
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Term
| Mature, Industrial-Monopoly Capitalism (1945-1973/4) - Decentralization and _________ Consolidation |
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Definition
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Term
| Emergence of ____-_______ and __________ formations: East Coast megalopolis_-BOSWASH; Great Lakes ( Chicago->Detroit->Pittsburg->Buffalo->Toronto); Greater Los Angeles. Rapid growth of Houston. |
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Definition
| super-metropolitan and megalopolitan formations (MonopCap) |
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Term
| _______ -> _______ migration of African-Americans to _______ Areas |
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Definition
| South, North, Metro (MonopCap) |
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Term
| Rapid _____________ - "white flight" inner city, racial divisions |
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Definition
| suburbanization (MonopCap) |
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Term
| mid-1970s CRISIS: New York _________ in 1973; first ______ price-shock '74/'75 |
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Definition
| bankruptcy, OPEC (MonopCap) |
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Term
| Global Capitalism - Macro-level, _________-urbanization (?) & snow belt/sun belt shifts |
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Definition
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Term
| Local deconcentration - _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Global Cities as international ________ hubs: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Dallas-Fort Worth |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ cores in South: Southwest (Gulf Coast); Southeast (Atlanta & Miami) |
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Definition
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Term
| Emergence of Edge cities - ex-urban "_______ planned communities" |
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Definition
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Term
| Metropolitan areas functioning as "__________" |
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Definition
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