Term
| What is the most basic definition of Urban Geography – what are we concerned with? |
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Definition
| concerned with individual places, their distinctiveness, and regularities within and between cities |
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Term
| What are examples of what makes an urban location distinct or regular? |
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Definition
| architecture, crime rate, fast paced, spatial organization |
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Term
| What are the 5 defining components of Geography? |
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Definition
organizational structure
population
physical environment
technology
social psychology |
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Term
| Organizational Structure Examples |
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Definition
| layout, growth patterns, neighborhoods, economy, achitecture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Physical Environment Examples |
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Definition
| landscape, water, climate, weather, topography, issues, hazards |
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Term
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Definition
| infrastructure, transit, "wired" |
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Term
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Definition
| culture, attitudes, behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
population between 2,500 and 50,000
must have a center nucleated CBD |
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Term
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Definition
population in core is at least 50,000
must have a center nucleated CBD |
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Term
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Definition
Central Business District
the heart of the city |
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Term
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Definition
Derived: Ernest Burgess Chicago 1924
Transportation?: transit is equally cheap and efficient in all directions; good roads
Assumptions and Problems: assumes separation of work and home; ignores topography; assumes people will live as far away from CBD as income will allow; based on 1 city at 1 time
Examples: Chicago
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Term
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Definition
Derived: Hoyt 1939
Transportation?: acknowledges transit's role in neighborhood development; low income near RR/highway
Assumptions and Problems: similar issues to concentric
Examples: Oneonta,Detroit
Fixed Problems: based on multiple whole cities, not one semi-circular one; does not assume high income people will live far from CBD |
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Term
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Definition
Derived: Harris and Ullman 1945
General Info: different zones for different incomes; each residential area has its own focal point
Assumptions and Problems: created during WWII
Examples: Cleveland, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, St Louis, Milwaukee |
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Term
| What is the occupation component to the movement? Are there still current occupations? |
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Definition
The protesters settle in one significant public spot to gain attention of political figures.
Movements are still going on, however, most are broken up and protesters are forced to take down their tents and gear. |
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Term
| What are the 3 community focal points identified by Harris and Ullman? |
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Definition
high income: country clubs
middle income: schools
low income: church |
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Term
| Oneonta is an example of which model? |
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Definition
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Term
| How have changes to neighborhoods created conflict between population groups? |
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Definition
| Oneonta for example, college started in HI zone, as city grew and pushed outward, the college ended up in mixed income zones; creating conflict between lifestyles |
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Term
| What are the differences between industrial areas identified by Harris and Ullman? |
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Definition
old industrial area- multiple stores, unplanned, no parking, built when people walked to work
industrial park - one-floor, horizontal spread, pre-fab buildings, mostly women workers form industrial suburbs; response to WWII
industrial suburbs - women lived here while husbands were at war |
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Term
| The Web Model is based on what type of features? |
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Definition
| based on unnoticed lines that shape the landscape |
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Term
| Why is there no schematic model for the Web model? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common features of the Urban Realms Model? |
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Definition
outlying centers of activity competing with CBD;
"Yuppies" = high income, single, no kids |
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Term
| Best example of Urban Realms Model |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the Occupy Movement begin? Why there? |
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Definition
Zuccotti Park, NYC Finanical District
It is symbolic to protest at Wall Street - protesting against economic inequality |
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Term
| Should the Occupy movement have begun in D.C? |
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Definition
Matter of opinion
Although Wall Street symbolizes the economic hardship and the corruption of these corporations, D.C. may have made more of a stand because it is the center for government |
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Term
| What are the core issues of Occupy |
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Definition
Money in politics
democratic system
corporate control
extreme economic inequality
jobs
corruption
globalization |
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Term
| What tactics are the police using to put down protests? Are the protesters violent or peaceful? Why are the police stopping the protests? |
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Definition
they use pepper spray and arrest people
they are peaceful
the media protrays the protesters are violent; government figures order the police to breakup the movements
it's their right to freedom of speech |
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Term
| Who are the Black Bloc Anarchists? |
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Definition
| a group of people who destroy business signs and vandalize and make it look the Occupiers are violent |
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Term
| Who are the Koch Brothers? What is their role in USA Universities? What's their involvement in the Keystone pipeline? |
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Definition
Two of the richest men in the world
Give grants to universities who hire professors that practice/preach their ideologies
They are pro-Keystone pipeline because it will help their oil business; they back politicans who support the pipeline |
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Term
| Is the Occupy Movement local, regional, national, or global? How is it linked to Globalization? Is it an urban movement? |
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Definition
It can arguably be an all-level movement. Although it is happening all around the world, many local occupy movements have their own agenda.
It is helping to unite the world; movements in London and etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Organization Structure: the silicon hills; serveral colleges; on-going green movement
Population: 1.7 million people; 14th largest US city
Physical Environment: along Colorado River
Technology: high tech industry, strong in engineering
Social Psychology: music culture; South by Southwest; Keep Austin Weird |
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Term
| What is the "Keep Austin Weird" Movement? What does it celebrate? |
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Definition
fighting normalness of corporate America
Celebrates progressive lifestyle, compaign to preserve small business, unique cultural identity
Examples: Beth Thom's Polka Dot Lawn, Leslie Alicia Cohran, Lizardman, Scott Wade's Dirty Car Art |
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Term
| How is the city of Austin different than the suburbs and the rest of the state? |
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Definition
| Austin is democratic unlike the suburbs and the rest of the state which is republican |
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Term
| North American Cities are shaped by what? |
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Definition
| colonization, modern technology, and globally dominant populat culture |
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Term
| How do USA and Canada compare? |
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Definition
hertiage of anglo-dominance
affluent region
highly urbanized and mobilized
high rates of resource consumption |
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Term
| What are the two core population areas- one in USA and one in Canada? What cities are included? |
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Definition
USA - East Coast Megalopolis (Boston, NYC, Philly, Baltimore, DC)
CAN - "Main Street" Corridor (Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal) |
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Term
| Montreal and Toronto switched positions/roles in our globalized world. What does that mean? Explain. Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of a Megalopolis? |
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Definition
a clustered network of cities with a population of about 10 million or more
can share environmental systems, topography, infrastructure system, economic linkage, settlement and land use patterns, culture and history |
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Term
| What are examples of other urban conglomerations? |
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Definition
Southern Sunbelt
Along Pacific Coast (both US and Canada)
Southern Great Lakes (Rust Belt) |
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Term
| What are the 7 population tends? |
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Definition
rural to urban
westward flow
black exodus from the south
reurbanization
counter-urbanization
sun-belt south
urban decentralization |
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Term
| Characteristics of Rural to Urban |
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Definition
mechanization reduced farm labor demand
manufactured jobs
1990 - city population 40% to 70% |
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Term
| Characteristics of westward flow |
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Definition
past 2 centuries
fueled by new jobs, mining, scenic, and recreation
high-tech services --> mountain states
cultural tension between natives and migrants (Salt Lake and Phoenix) |
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Term
| Characteristics of black exodus from the south |
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Definition
waves of migration 1910-1920 and 1940-1960
plantation south to north/west |
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Term
| Characteristics of sun belt south |
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Definition
after 1970
why? because good climate, good for immigrants, modest living cost, use of AC, water projects, and recreation |
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Term
| Characteristics of urban decentralization |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of counter-urbanization |
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Definition
moving to smaller cities, towns, or rural areas
retirees and younger "lifestyle migrants" |
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Term
| Characteristics of reurbanization |
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Definition
gentrification process
from the burbs
Chicago 1997 |
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Term
| Which population trend creates cultural tension? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which population trend is driven by cultural tension? |
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Definition
| Black Exodus from the South |
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Term
| Which population trend is driven by a feeling of exploration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which population trend has been going on since the industrial revolution and continues today even in more agricultural areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which population trend is due to urban sprawl and creates more distance between places? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which population trend is largely due to a lifestyle choice of less "hustle and bustle" |
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Definition
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Term
| Which population trend is the movement opposite to sprawl? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which population trend is the movement opposite to gentrification? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does urban sprawl happen? |
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Definition
| people want to move into more suburban/rural areas; businesses follow them --> these both use up a lot of land |
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Term
| Why is urban sprawl desirable? |
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Definition
| increase satisfaction of housing preferences, accommodation of car travel, lower crime rate, better schools, more open space, peaceful atmosphere |
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Term
| How does planning play (or not play) a role in urban sprawl? |
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Definition
urban sprawl does not utilize the land to the best of its ability creating an uncontrollable move to the country side
this can destroy ecological habitats |
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Term
| What are the problems/issues with urban sprawl? |
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Definition
| dependence on automobiles, increase use of fossil fuels, increase traffic, increase obesity, decrease in land and water quantity, destroys ecosystems |
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Term
| How does land use change in the USA reflect sprawl? |
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Definition
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Term
| Relate sprawl to social psychology, organization structure, and technology (transportation) |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the automobile play a role in Urban Sprawl |
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Definition
| total dependence on cars; more emissions --> bad for the environment, walking and public transit is barely an option |
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Term
| What are the similarities and differences between housing trends in former communist cities and American cities? Give examples. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Urban Sprawl related to cookie cutter style architecture in the USA? |
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Definition
| Cookie cutter style architecture is a style architects use to build house cheap and fast; they build an entire community that looks exactly the same and barely land-plan |
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