Term
| greater than 80% of upper respiratory tract infections are caused by_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Neisseria meningitides: characterization and virulence |
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Definition
| not a respiratory pathogen; moves from colonization to systemic pathogen; virulence: endotoxin |
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Term
| Oropharyngeal cultures used for which bacteria |
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Definition
| streptococcus pyogenes, corynebacterim diptheria, arcanobacterium haemolyticum |
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Term
| nasopharyngeal swab are used for which bacteria |
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Definition
| B. pertussis and most viruses |
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Term
| sinus specimen collection: used for which types of organisms? |
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Definition
| aerobic bacteria and fungi only |
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Term
| Haemophilus influenzae: virulence factors FOR ALLLLLAAA |
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Definition
| virulence factors: polysaccharide capsule prevents phagocytosis (reason B is more virulent than A), IgA protease, adherens factors |
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Term
| Haemophilus influenzae: culturing requirements |
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Definition
requires X factor = heman
V factor = NAD; grows around Staph aureus producing NAD (satelliting) |
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Term
| Systemic influenzae by which type of H. influenzae has been virtually prevented by vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| conjunctivitis/neonatal conjunctivitis is primarily caused by: |
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Definition
| Haemophilus influenzae or H. aegyptiea; neonatal chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea |
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Term
| Acute sinusitis is caused by: |
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Definition
| H. influenzae, S. pneumonia, M. catarrhalis; live in oral pharynx but cause a problem when they travel up |
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Term
| Otitis media is caused by: |
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Definition
| H. influenzae, S. pneumonia, M. catarrhalis |
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Term
| What shape is streptococcus pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia |
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Term
| Major virulence factors of Strep pneumonia |
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Definition
| polysaccharide capsule (vaccine is antibody against the capsule), autolysin--dissolves cell wall when nutrients become scarce allowing DNA to be leaked into the environment and available for transformation (causes pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia) |
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Term
| beta Streptococci: culturing conditions |
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Definition
| 5% sheep blood agar media leads to hemolysis; all red blood cell hemolysis and hemoglobin totally degraded (alpha: partial lysis, gamma: no lysis) |
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Term
| Moraxella catarrhalis: lab findings |
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Definition
| gram- diplococci; oxidase positive, catalase negative |
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Term
| moraxella catarhalis: associated diseases |
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Definition
| normal flora of oropharynx; causes: sinusitis, otits, conjunctivitis, keratitis, pneumonia secondary to influenza; in COPD--causes bronchitis and bronco-pneumonia; immunocompromised--upper respiratory tract infection |
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Term
| moraxella catarrhalis: virulence factors |
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Definition
| butyrate esterase and DNase |
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Term
| moraxella catarrhalis: treatment |
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Definition
| lipooligosaccharisde vaccine under development |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: associated disease |
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Definition
| pharyngitis (strep), toxic shock-like syndrome (superantigen mediated), puerperal infection: infection of the endometrium, rheumatic fever (1-5 wks after respiratory infection), acute glomerulonephtitis (follows skin or respiratory infection) |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors (6) |
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Definition
| protein M: antiphagocytic, adherence to pharyngeal epithelium; protein F: binds fibronectin, adherence; protein G: binds Fc portion of abs; streptokinase: lysis fibrin clots; hyaluronidase: hydrolyzes ground substance of connective tissue; streptodornase: depolymerases DNA |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: family |
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Definition
| beta-hemolytic streptococci; gram positive |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: causes 3 things |
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Definition
| strep throat, URIs, pneumonia |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: mechanism |
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Definition
| exotoxin A: superantigen causing TSS-like syndrome; hemolysins: streptolysins S and O--pore-forming proteins that lyse host cells; pyrogenic exotoxins: superantigens that lead to scarlet fever (fever and rash) |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: serotypes |
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: transmission |
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Definition
| direct mucosa or large droplets |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: diagnosis |
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Definition
| gram stain, catalase - , beta-hemolytic, ASO, culture |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes: treatment |
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Definition
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