Term
| what gives rise to most limb musculuture? |
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Definition
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Term
| the nerves of the arm are dervied from the |
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Definition
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Term
| the ventral primary ramus gives rise to the nerves of the |
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Definition
| posterior (postaxial) and anterior (preaxial) nerves |
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Term
| the 2 options of the nerve organization of the ventral primary rami |
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Definition
| simple segmentation or plexus |
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Term
| the type of nerve organization when each ventral ramus independently wraps around the body wall |
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Definition
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Term
| a type of nerve organization where the individual primary ventral rami break up into subpart and intermix to form this structure to get to the terminal nerve. Individual spinal nerves contribute to multiple branches |
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Definition
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Term
| the spinal nerves that contribute the othe brachial plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| the organization of the brachial plexus |
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Definition
| the spinal rami merge into trunks, the trunks divide into divisions, the division merge into 3 cords, the cords divide into terminal branches |
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Term
| the 3 cords of the brachial plexus |
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Definition
| the lateral , medial, and posterior |
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Term
| each trunk has what kind of division |
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Definition
| a dorsal and ventral division |
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Term
| what spinal nerve contribute to the long thoracic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| the branch off the C5 before it merges into trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| the bone that overlies the divisions of the plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| the clavicle divides the brachial plexus into: |
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Definition
| upper(superclavicular) and lower(infraclavicular) parts |
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Term
| the pathway from the root of the neck to the upper limb (distribution point for thimgs leaving the neck and upper limb |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 structures that make up the apex of the axilla |
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Definition
1, first rib
2. the superior border of the scapula
3. clavicle |
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Term
| what forms the base of the axilla (5)? |
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Definition
1. subscapularis
2. teres major
3. latissimus dorsi
4. serratus anterior
5. pectoralis major |
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Term
| what are the walls of the axilla? |
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Definition
anterior
posterior
lateral
medial |
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Term
| what strucure makes up the medial wall of teh axilla |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes up the lateral wall of the axilla? |
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Definition
1. bicipital groove of the humerus
2. the long head of the biceps
3. coracobrachialis |
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Term
| the posterior wall of the axilla is made up of the |
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Definition
1. subscapularis
2. latissimus dorsi
3. teres major |
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Term
| the anterior wall of the axilla is made of the |
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Definition
1. pectoralis major
2. pectoralis minor
3. clavipectorial fascia
4. subclavius (not always seen in humans) |
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Term
| What makes up the anterior axillary fold |
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Definition
| pectoralis minor and major |
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Term
| what is the posterior axiallry fold composed of? |
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Definition
| the teres major and the latissumus dorsi |
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Term
| the major contents of the axilla |
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Definition
brachial plexus
axillary vessels
and axillary lymph nodes |
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Term
| the part of teh brachial plexus that is in the axilla? |
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Definition
| the corda and terminal branches |
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Term
| the 3 parts of the axillary artery are defined by what muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| the vessel on the first branch of the axillary artery |
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Definition
| the superior thoracic artery |
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Term
| the 2 branches on part 2 of the axillary artery |
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Definition
| lateral thoracic artery and the thoracoacromial artery |
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Term
| the 3 branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery |
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Definition
| the subscapular artery and the anterio and posterior circumflex humeral artery |
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Term
| describe the variability and stability of the axiallary artery |
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Definition
| there is proximal variabilty and distal stability |
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Term
| the evolution of the subclavian artery |
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Definition
| subclavian artery--> axillary artery--> brachial artery |
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Term
| when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery |
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Definition
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Term
| the 3 bones of the shoulder |
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Definition
| clavicle, scapula, and the humerus |
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Term
| the 3 joints of the shoulder |
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Definition
1. sternoclavicluar
2. glenohumeral
3. acromioclavicular |
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Term
| the muscle that braces the shoulder by pulling the scapulae posteriorly and superiorly |
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Definition
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Term
| injury to this muscle causes the shoulder to droop |
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Definition
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Term
| the muscle that anchors the scapula to the thoracic wall so that the scapula can be a fixed bone for muscles that will move the humerus |
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Definition
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Term
| the thick powerful muscle that forms the rounded contour of the shoulder. there are 3 parts of this muscle that can act together or separately. If together it will assist in abducting the arm. |
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Definition
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Term
| the muscle that initiates abduction |
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Definition
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Term
| the 4 mmuscles of the rotator cuff |
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Definition
1. supraspinatous
2. intraspinatous
3. teres minor
4. subscapularis |
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Term
| the only rotator cuff muscle that does not rotate |
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Definition
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Term
| what is abduction of the arm? |
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Definition
| moving the arms above the head |
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Term
| what are the 3 phases of abduction? |
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Definition
| initiation, abduct to the horizontal, abduct above the horzontal |
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Term
| during the initiation of abduction the what does the supraspinatous due? |
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Definition
| it will bring the arm out a few degrees putting the in a beter anatomical posistion to complete the process |
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Term
| the muscle that abducts the arm the the horizontal |
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Definition
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Term
| the 2 muscles that make up the force couple that abducts the arm above the horizontal |
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Definition
| trapezius and the serratus anterior |
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Term
| the upper and lower parts of this muscle cotract and twist the scapula during abduction |
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Definition
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Term
| the muscle that swings the scapula forward during abduction |
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Definition
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Term
| a lesion of the long thoracic nerve will lead to what 2 things |
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Definition
| a full abduction deficit and winged scapula |
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Term
| the axillary nerve is a branch of which cord |
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Definition
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Term
| what comes out of the quadrangular space. |
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Definition
| the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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Term
| what comes out of the triangular space |
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Definition
| the circumflex scapular artery |
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Term
| if there is an inferior shoulder dislocation waht is affected? |
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Definition
| there will be an invasion of the quadrangular space, so the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery are affected |
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Term
| if the axillary nerve is damaged due to a narrowing of the quadrangular spacewhat muscle will be affected |
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Definition
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Term
| atrophy of the deltoid leads to |
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Definition
| wasting of the shoulder (muscle is replaced with fat and CT) |
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Term
| cutaneous deficits that occur what there is damage to the axillary nerve includes |
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Definition
| the area around the shoulder |
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Term
| if there is an impingement of the suprascapular nerve what is affected |
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Definition
| the suprapinatous is affects so the person will not be able to initiate abduction |
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Term
| the cutaneous effects of the suprascapular nerve |
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Definition
| there are no cutaneous effects |
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Term
| describe the arrangement of the suprascapular nerve and artery with the suprascapular ligament |
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Definition
| the suprascapular nerve goes under the ligament and the artery goes over the ligament |
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Term
| the ventral side of the arm is responsible for |
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Definition
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Term
| the dorsal/ posterior side is responsible for |
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Definition
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Term
| the artery that runs parallel to the radial artery through the lateral intermusular septum |
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Definition
| perfundabraial artery AKA deep brahial artery |
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Term
| the posterior are and forearm are innervated by |
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Definition
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Term
| the anterior brahial ompartment is innervated by the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the posterior brachial and antebrachial compartments are innervated by the |
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause injury to the brachial plaxus? |
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Definition
| injury can occur when there is an increase in the cerviobrachial stretch that can occur when you fall on your neck or when a baby is being pulled out during childbirth |
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Term
| a stabbing wound to the posterior triangle of the neck will damage what? |
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Definition
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Term
| if there is injury to the brachial plexus the main nerves that will be affeted are the |
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Definition
| suprascapular and axillary and musculocutaneous nerve |
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Term
| when a muscle is unoppsed and as the agonist wastes away the antagonist withdraws the limb to show its action. when this ocurs the limb is said to be in |
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Definition
| contractre AKA ultimate posture pull |
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Term
| what will happen to the shoulder area if there is a lesion in the upper trunk |
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Definition
1. the shoulder will be in the abducted position
the shoulder becomes medially rotated
the elbow is in an extended position and the forearm is in the prone position |
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Term
| the name of the position that happens when there is a lesion in the upper trunk |
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Definition
| erb-Duchenne's palsy AKA waiter's tip |
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Term
| the cutaneous effects when there is lesion in the upper trunk |
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Definition
no effect from the suprascapular nerve because it has no cutaneous innervation
Part of the shoulder will be effected becasue the axillary nerve is damaged
the skin below the elbow on the lateral side of the arm will be effected because the musculocutaneous nerve is damaged |
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