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Upper extremity neurology
ABC board o and P prep
59
Health Care
Post-Graduate
11/05/2010

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Term
axillary nerve innervates:
Definition
-the deltoid(superior division) and teres minor(inferior division)
Term
axillary nerve sensory branches
Definition
-skin over the distal portion of the deltoid muscle
Term
axillary nerve lesion causes
Definition
deltoid paralysis-inability to protect or retract the arm or to abduct it to the horizontal position
-teres minor paralysis-causes weakness of external rotation
Term
teres minor
Definition
-C5
-innervated by the axillary nerve
-adduction and external rotation of shoulder
Term
supraspinatus
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by the suprascapular nerve
-abducts shoulder
Term
infraspinatus
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by sprascapular nerve
-external rotation
Term
deltoid
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by axillary nerve
-abducts shoulder
Term
brachialis
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by musculocutaneus nerve
-flexion of elbow
Term
biceps
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by the musculocutaneus nerve
-flexion of elbow
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by radial nerve
-flexion of elbow, some supination and pronation
Term
subscapularis
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by subscapular nerve
-supinates elbow
Term
supinator
Definition
-C5,C6
-innervated by the radial nerve
-supinates elbow
Term
serratus anterior-
Definition
-C5, C6, C7
-innervated bylong thoracic nerve
-abducts the scapula
Term
teres major
Definition
-C6, C7
-innervated by the subscapular nerve
-adducts and medially rotates the shoulder
Term
pectoralis major-clavicular
Definition
-C6, C7
-innervated by the thoracic nerve
-flexion and adduction shoulder
Term
extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
-C6, C7
-innervated by the radial nerve
-wrist extensor
Term
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
-C6, C7
-innervated by the radialis nerve
-wrist extensor
Term
pronator teres
Definition
-C6, C7
-innervated by the median nerve
-pronates the forearm
Term
flexor carpi radialis
Definition
-C6, C7 -innervated by the median nerve -flex wrist
Term
latissimus dorsi
Definition
-C6, C7
-innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve
-extends and internally rotates and adducts shoulder
Term
pectoralis major-sternal
Definition
-C6, C7, C8, T1
-medial and lateral pectoral nerve
-flexes, adducts and inwardly rotates the shoulder
Term
palmaris longus
Definition
-C7, C8 -innervated by the median nerve -flexes wrist
Term
triceps
Definition
-C7, C8
-innervated by the radial nerve
-extends elbow
Term
extensor pollicus longus
Definition
-C7, C8
-innervated by the radial nerve
-extends thumb
Term
adductor pollicis longus
Definition
-C7, C8 -innervated by the radial nerve -adducts thumb
Term
extensor pollicis longus
Definition
-C7, C8
-innervated by the radial nerve
-extends thumb
Term
extensor digitorum communis
Definition
-C7, C8
-innervated by the radial nerve
-extends digits
Term
extenser carpi ulnaris
Definition
-C7, C8
-innervated by the radial nerve
-extends the wrist, when acting alone it inclines hand to the ulnar side
Term
flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by median and ulnar nerve
-flexes thumb
Term
flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the ulnar nerve
-flexes wrist
Term
flexor digitorum sublimus
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the median nerve
-flexes PIPs
Term
flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the median nerve
-flexes DIPs
Term
flexor digiti minimi
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the ulnar nerve
-flexes 5th digit
Term
flexor pollicis longus
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the median nerve
-flexes thumb
Term
abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the median nerve
-abducts the thumb
Term
abductor digiti quinti
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the ulnar nerve
-abducts 5th digit
Term
adductor pollicis
Definition
-C8, T1
-innervated by the ulnar nerve
-adducts the thumb
Term
lumbricals
Definition
-T1
-innervated by the median and ulnar nerve
-flexes MPs, extends IPs
Term
oppenens pollicis
Definition
-T1
-innervated by the median nerve
-thumb opposition
Term
interossei
Definition
-T1
-innervated by the ulnar nerve
-abducts and adducts MPs
Term
muscles innervated by the Median nerve
Definition
-pronator teres, flexor digitorum sublimis, flxor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorm profundus (phalanges 2+3), flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, oppenens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (partial), lumbricales for phalanges 2+3
Term
median nerve general overview
Definition
-innervates the majority of wrist and finger flexors and pronators. important intrinsic muscles that control thumb opposition and fine movements of the middle and distal phalanges are also innervated
Term
radial nerve general overview
Definition
radial nerve innervates all of the extensors of the elbow, wrist and fingers and the supinator muscles. It does not innervate any of the intrisic muscles of the hand
Term
muscles that the radial nerve innervates
Definition
-tricepts brachii, anconeus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor digiti quinti, extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis proprius, extensor pollicis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Term
ulnar nerve general overview
Definition
the ulnar nerve innervates the flexors of the ulnar aspect of the hand and wrist except for he flexor digitorum sublimiss. It is the most important for innervating the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the hand which are responsible for speed and dexterity of the fingers
Term
muscles innervated by the Ulnar nerve
Definition
-flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus for the 4+5 finger, adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis(partial), abductor digiti quinti, oppenes digiti quinti, flexor digiti quinti, lumbricals for 4+5 finger, dorsal interossei, volar interossei
Term
C8 quad deficits
Definition
-partial loss of intrinsics
-weak grasp
-use of lateral prehension with wrist extension
Term
C8 quad possible treatments
Definition
possible HO with MP stop and opponens bar
Term
C7 Quad deficits
Definition
-loss of all intrinsics
-loss of grasp
-wrist extensors present
Term
C7 quad possible treatment
Definition
-wrist driven flexor hinged WHO
-patient's own natural tenodesis
Term
C6 quad deficits
Definition
-loss of intrinsics
-loss of grasp
-ECRL, ECRB- only remaining wrist extensors
Term
C6 quad possible treatments
Definition
-wrist driven flexor hinge
ratchet style if the patient fatigues easily
Term
C5 quad deficits
Definition
-intrinsics absent
-wrist extensors absent
-proximal stability present
-elbow flexors present
Term
C5 quad possible treatments
Definition
-tendesis WHO: ratchet style, external power or cable driven
-balanced forearm orthosis (BFO) or mobile arm support (MAS)
Term
without the median nerve:
Definition
-thumb sensation is lost
-thenar function is lost
-these 2 things make fine motor movements of thumb neglagible
Term
loss of the median nerve:
Definition
-loss of thumb sensation
-loss of thenar function
-these 2 things make fine motor movemnts/prhension neglegable
Term
loss of the median nerve:
Definition
-loss of thumb sensation
-loss of thenar function
-these 2 things make fine motor movemnts/prhension neglegable
Term
importance of thumb
Definition
-provides 40% of overall hand function
-opposition of the thumb is necessary for all useful prehension
Term
importance of the thumb:
Definition
-thumb accounts for 40% of oversall hand function
-opposition of the thumb is necessary for all useful prehension
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