Term
| Lack of appetite is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial diagnostic tests that are likely to be ordered r/t anorexia include measures of |
|
Definition
| serum hgb, iron, total iron binding capacity, transferin, calcium, folate, bitamin b12 and zinc |
|
|
Term
| a feeling fo discomfort sometimes referred to as queasiness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nausea may or may not be accompanied by |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, pallor, perspiration, cold, clammy skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odors, irritating foods, infectious diseases, radiation drugs and other chemicals, hormonal changes/imbalances, distention of the digestive tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased pain, rigid abdomen, abdominal distention, absent bowel sounds, fever |
|
|
Term
| the forceful expulsion of stomach contents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| very forceful ejection of stomach contents is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the gentle ejection of food or fluid without nause or retching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ are common just before vomiting |
|
Definition
| tachycardia and increased salivation |
|
|
Term
| prolonged or severe vomiting can lead to: |
|
Definition
| significant loss of f&e, dehydration, metabolic alkalosis may develop because of loss of stomach acids |
|
|
Term
| drugs that prevent or treat n/v are classified as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| centrally acting antiemetics include |
|
Definition
| anticholinergics , antihistamines, phenothizines and marijuana derivatives |
|
|
Term
| anitemetics classified as 5-HT receptor antagonists affect the _ as well as the _ |
|
Definition
| small intestine, peripheral nervous system and CNS |
|
|
Term
| a common side effect of most centrally acting antiemetics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| centrally acting antiemetics may also cause |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, hypotension, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| many antiemetics are contraindicated in patients with |
|
Definition
| glaucoma, myocardial infarction, bowel of urinary obstructions, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| when the blood has been in the stomach long enough to be acted on by stomach secretions, it turns dark brown and resembles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ is effective in claming upset stomach, reducing flatulence and preventing motion sickness, be aware that it enhances the action of |
|
Definition
| ginger root, anticoalgulants and antiplatelets |
|
|
Term
| the opening in the diaphram through which the esophagus passes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the protrusion of the lower esophagus and stomach upward through the diaphragm and into the cest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of hiatal hernias |
|
Definition
| the sliding hernia and, paraesophageal hernia |
|
|
Term
| in a sliding hernia the stomach slides into the thoracic cavity when the patient _, it slides back into to place when the patient _ |
|
Definition
| reclines, stads or sits up |
|
|
Term
| sliding hernias are commonly associated with |
|
Definition
| gastroesphageal reflux disease (GERD) |
|
|
Term
| in a rolling hernia, the gastroesphageal junction remains in place but a portion of the stomach herniates up through the _ through a secondary opening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications of hiatal hernia include |
|
Definition
| ulcerations, bleeding, aspiration of regurgitated stomach contents |
|
|
Term
| the paraesophageal hernia can also result in _ of the hernia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hiatal hernia may be caused by weakness of the _ in the area where the _ |
|
Definition
| muscles of the diaphragm, esophagus and stomach join |
|
|
Term
| factors that contribute to development of hiatal hernia include |
|
Definition
| excessive intraabdominal pressure, trauma, longterm bed rest in a reclining position |
|
|
Term
| intraabdominal pressure is increased by |
|
Definition
| obesity, pregnancy, abdominal tumors, ascites and repeated heavy lifting or strain |
|
|
Term
| some patients with hiatal hernias report feelings of |
|
Definition
| fullness, dysphagia, eructation, regurgitation, heartburn |
|
|
Term
| a feeling of burning and tightness rising from the lower sternum to the throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart burn is triggered by foods and drugs that decrease _ pressure and by _ |
|
Definition
| LES, lying down or bending over |
|
|
Term
| to diagnosis hiatal herina a barium swallow examination outlines the _ and demonstrates _ |
|
Definition
| esophagus, esophageal peristalsis |
|
|
Term
| drug therapy for hiatal hernia includes |
|
Definition
| antacids, h2-receptor drugs, proton pump inhibitors, \ |
|
|
Term
| may be ordered for hiatal hernia to increase the tone of the LES (considered investigational) |
|
Definition
| bethanechol cloride (urechonline)s |
|
|
Term
| surgical options to treat hiatal hernia include several types of _ and placement of the synthetic _ prosthesis |
|
Definition
| fundoplication, angelchik |
|
|
Term
| a minimally invasive form of surgery that strenthens the LES by suturing the fundus of the somach around the eseophagus and anchoring it below the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a c-shaped silicone device that is tied around the distal esophagus, anchoring it below the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to reduce the risk of aspiration r/t hiatal hernia, food and fluids should not be taken for _ before bedtime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patients with a hiatal hernia should sleep with their heads elevated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incourage the pt with a hiatal hernia to avoid foods that are known to decrease LES pressure such as |
|
Definition
| fatty foods, coffee, tea, cola, chocolate and alcohol |
|
|
Term
| the backward flow of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastroesophagea reflux disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innappropriate relaxation of the LES |
|
|
Term
| the term _ is used when a patient has heartburn but no tissue distruction in the esophagus |
|
Definition
| nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) |
|
|
Term
| factors that contribute to the development of GERD include abnormalities around the |
|
Definition
| LES, gastric or duodenal ulcer, gstric or esophageal surgery, prolonged vomiting and prolonged gastric intubation |
|
|
Term
| complications of GERD include |
|
Definition
| esophogeal stritcture and adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| patients with GERD typically report a _ that moves up and down, commonly occurs after _ and is relieved by _ |
|
Definition
| painful burning sensation, meals, antacids |
|
|
Term
| If pain r/t GERD is sever it may radiate to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms that are also common with GERD |
|
Definition
| acid regurgitaion, intermittent dysphagia and belching |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of GERD are liely to occur after activities that increase intraabdominal pressure such as |
|
Definition
| lifting, straining, lying supine or ingestion of specific foods |
|
|
Term
| drug therapy for GERD may include |
|
Definition
| H2-receptor blockers, prokinetic agents, proton pump inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the lingin of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in gastritis, the _ that normally protects the stomach from _ breaks down |
|
Definition
| musosal barrier, auto digestion |
|
|
Term
| hydrochloric acid, _ and pepsin can cause: |
|
Definition
histamine
tissue edema, increased capillary permeability, possible hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| among the many causes of gastritis _ is thought to be the prime culprit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastritis induced by H. pylori affects primarily the _ of the stomach lining |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they typ of gastritis associated with _ tends to affect deeper tissue and is more prone to _ |
|
Definition
NSAIDs, stress and alcohol
hemmorrhage |
|
|
Term
| chili pepper in small amounts _ mucus productions, but in large amounts can _ the mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other r/t factors that may cause gastritis |
|
Definition
| reflux of bile salts from the duodenum, prolonged vomiting, intense stress, CNS lesions |
|
|
Term
| chronic gastritis type a is probably induced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the changes in the stomach lining with _ result in decreased production of acid and _ |
|
Definition
| chronic atrophic gastritis, intrinsic factor |
|
|
Term
| needed for the absorption of vitamin b12 which is essential for the maturation fo red blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| condition that develops without intrinsic factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s&s of acut gastritis usually include |
|
Definition
| n/v, anorexia, feeling of fullness, pain in the stomach area |
|
|
Term
| the best means of diagnosisng gastritis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the presence of h. pylori r/t gastritis canb e confermed by |
|
Definition
| breath, urine, stool or serum tests or by gastric tissue biopsy |
|
|
Term
| because h.pylori has been associated with _ cytologic examination of a _ is commonly done |
|
Definition
| gastric/duodenal ulcers and with gastric cancer, tissue specimen |
|
|
Term
| medical management of acute gastritis is concerned with treatment of symptoms and |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if hospitalization is considered necessary with acute gastritis oral fluids and foods are usually _ until symptoms subside |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medical managment of chronic gastritis focuses on |
|
Definition
| elimination of the cause and treatment of pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| treatment of H. pylori r/t gastritis usually requires a combination of _ which reduces _ |
|
Definition
| omeprazole(Prilosec), gastric acid secretion |
|
|
Term
| must be given for chronic gastritis to prevent long term complications |
|
Definition
|
|
